Adrenal cysts: an emerging condition

Calissendorff, Jan; Juhlin, C. Christofer; Sundín, Anders; Bancos, Irina; Falhammar, Henrik

doi:10.1038/s41574-023-00835-2

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…They are classically divided into pseudocysts, endothelial cysts, epithelial cysts, and parasitic cysts like hydatid cysts. These lesions are known to be asymptomatic, well-demarcated, thin-walled, homogenous cystic lesions with low attenuation values on CT and homogenous, markedly high T2 signal intensity and low T1 signal intensity on MRI [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Abscess in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report

Khouchoua,

Imrani,

Iraqi Houssaini

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Adrenal gland abscesses are rare lesions usually reported to be caused by fungal pathogens and typically through hematogenous spread from other primary sources of infection. Imaging has always been known to play a major role in the characterization of focal adrenal lesions. However, given the rare occurrence of abscesses in this location, making the right diagnosis remains challenging. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis presenting with signs of sepsis and left upper quadrant pain revealing a left adrenal gland abscess.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Abscess in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report

Khouchoua,

Imrani,

Iraqi Houssaini

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Adrenal cysts are rare and frequently asymptomatic, and therefore are usually incidentally discovered lesions. According to studies that involved a large number of patients, adrenal cysts comprise 1-2% of all adrenal incidentalomas and have slight female predominance [6][7][8][9]. Benign adrenal cysts are usually discovered incidentally (in 88% of cases), but a significant number (up to 40% of cases) of malignant adrenal neoplasms with cystic transformation are also incidentalomas [6,9,13].…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the increasing use of diagnostic imaging in the past few decades led to a higher incidence of adrenal incidentalomas of which 1-2% were adrenal cysts [6][7][8]. Also, adrenal cyst presentation has changed-they now tend to be diagnosed at their earlier stage of development, being smaller and asymptomatic [9]. Although most adrenal cysts are benign and hormonally non-functional lesions, some can have ambiguous imaging appearance and mimic malignant adrenal neoplasms [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate?

Bozic Antic,

Djurisic,

Nikolic

2024

JCM

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Adrenal cysts are uncommon and usually asymptomatic, and therefore are usually incidentally discovered adrenal lesions. They have a broad pathohistological spectrum that includes pseudocysts and endothelial (vascular), parasitic, and epithelial (mesothelial) cysts. Although most adrenal cysts are benign and hormonally non-functional lesions, some can have ambiguous imaging appearances and mimic malignant adrenal neoplasms. On the other hand, the actual malignant neoplasms could undergo cystic transformation. Additionally, immune cell infiltrations, thrombosis, or haemorrhage seen in sepsis can frequently cause adrenal cyst development, raising a question about the possible connection between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and adrenal cystic lesions. Due to the disease’s rarity, the likelihood of malignancy, and the lack of specific guidelines, the management of adrenal cysts is always challenging especially in a young person. This review discusses the important diagnostic and the current treatment possibilities for adrenal cystic lesions. Aiming to emphasize clinical dilemmas and help clinicians navigate the challenges when encountering a patient with an adrenal cyst in everyday practice, we based our review on a practical question–answer framework centred around the case of a young woman with an incidentally discovered large adrenal cyst.

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“…Adrenal cysts are rare accounting for 1–2% of adrenal lesions [ 1 ]. They require hormone evaluation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On post-contrast CT, adrenal adenomas tend to enhance, whereas cysts do not. Additionally, cysts have low signal on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, high signal on T2-weighted MRI sequences and appear as anechoic or hypoechoic on US [ 1 ]. Uniform guidelines for surgical management of these lesions have not been well established, but patients with symptoms, such as abdominal pain, endocrine abnormalities, complications, suspicion of malignancy, size >5 cm or increase in cyst size, should be considered for surgical intervention [ 3 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic pheochromocytoma

Saberi

2023

Oxford Medical Case Reports

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Adrenal cysts: an emerging condition

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Adrenal Abscess in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report

Adrenal Abscess in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient: A Case Report

Adrenal Cysts: To Operate or Not to Operate?

Cystic pheochromocytoma

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