Adoption of Grid-Tie Solar System at Residential Scale

Abstract

Traditionally, remote and urban communities worldwide have been supplied electricity almost completely by fossil fuel generators to accommodate for electricity needs. Currently, the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the current power generation systems can offer attractive economic and environmental merits, including considerable fuel savings and carbon dioxide emission reductions. In relation to sustainability, efficiency and economic feasibility, solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising sources of RESs which is being touted as a leading solution to long-term electrification and development problems in rural and urban parts of Pacific Island Countries (PICs). In this work, a grid-tie PV system is instigated at a residential scale. The idea of this research is not to claim the power output from the PV system but to show the feasibility of a grid-tie system at a residential scale. This will help the PICs, non-profit organisations and the government better share scarce resources towards achieving their energy goals and be in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for a Residential Community: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Perspective in the Context of the SDG7

“…In such a case, the input power of the batteries can be either positive or negative, depending on whether the battery bank is being charged or discharged. The state of charge (SoC) and the depth of discharge (DoD) can be evaluated, as shown in Equations ( 9) and (10) [63].…”

“…To overcome this, energy storage systems (ESSs), such as a battery banks, flywheels, pumped storage, supercapacitors are used for better reliability. Such devices are usually used for large-capacity networks and require high capital investment, but they can be implemented to achieve a reliable electricity supply even under the worst conditions of RERs [9,10]. Among the possible ESSs, the battery energy storage system (BESS) is widely deployed [9].…”

“…MGs are considered the most reliable, stable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy option [11]. A localized electrical system that can operate autonomously and deliver power to the community or household can be an MG [10]. While planning for an MG, there are a few intermittent characteristics to be considered: These include power quality and voltage from an electrical perspective.…”

“…Hence, considering these are essential while planning MGs [11,12]. The availability of abundant RERs in India provides a high possibility of harnessing these sources as an alternative for remote area electrification [10][11][12][13]. The energy conversion systems like PV, and wind turbine (WT) can be used in combination by making hybrid configurations, especially MGs or hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES).…”

Current status and pillars of direct air capture technologies

“…This means opting for solar energy to meet the energy demands would help in drastic reduction of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere ( Breyer et al., 2020 ; Madhu et al., 2021 ; McQueen et al., 2021b ; Renewable Power for Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, 2021 ), both through direct and indirect means. Even the residential solar schemes can decrease the dependency of DAC on large solar farms which might require additional land for its deployment and operation ( Banoni et al., 2012 ; Chand et al., 2019 ; Future of solar photovoltaic, 2019 ; Hernandez et al., 2015 ; Mokarram et al., 2020 ; Perpiña Castillo et al., 2016 ).…”