Active and passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology are available and licensed for the use in hospitals, and can be used to establish highly reliable pervasive environments within healthcare facilities. They should not be understood as competing technologies and complement each other when intelligently integrated in compact frameworks. This paper describes the state-of-the-art of RFID technology and the current use in the healthcare industry, and points out recent developments and future options.Biographical notes: Christoph Thuemmler is a Consultant Physician with the Scottish NHS who has worked in healthcare systems in Germany, the USA and the UK. He is also a Visiting Reader at the Centre for Distributed Computing within Edinburgh Napier University. Apart from clinical work in general internal medicine, acute and geriatric medicine he has a research interest in patient flow dynamics, real time computing, radio frequency identification and smart system integration.William J Buchanan leads the Centre for Distributed Computing within Edinburgh Napier University. He has extensive research experience in distributed systems, mobile networks, pervasive healthcare, simulation tools, digital forensics and security, and has published over 25 academic books. He has also won several awards for his work with knowledge transfer, and works within several application domains, including healthcare and policing.Amir Hesam Fekri is a research associate with the Centre for Distributed Computing and Security, Napier University. He is currently undertaking an MSc in Advanced Networking. His research interests include RFID systems, wireless networks, security and forensic computing.Alistair Lawson is a Lecturer at Edinburgh Napier University's School of Computing, and a Member of the Centre for Distributed Computing and Security. His research and knowledge transfer interests revolve around applying software engineering, computer intelligence, and distributed computing and security methodologies and technologies to the fields of healthcare, applied data analysis and visualisation, spoken language systems, and e-learning and e-publishing systems.