Adopt or not adopt? Mirror clauses and the <scp>European</scp> Green Deal

Beckman, Jayson; Ivanic, Maros; Jelliffe, Jeremy; Arita, Shawn

doi:10.1002/aepp.13317

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We also recognize that a glyphosate ban in the EU would likely apply to all uses and not only v&f. Were a mirror clause to be extended to all affected commodities, the economic effects would likely be very significantly greater than we report here. Our case study contributes to the literature by highlighting a potentially important adjustment mechanism to the imposition of mirror clauses which has been overlooked in the empirical studies previously mentioned (Beckman et al, 2020;Beckman et al, 2022). We recognize that further empirical work would be needed to calibrate the model to enable it to include a wider range of crops.…”

Section: The Vegetable and Fruit Sectormentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This approach is imperfect as it does not explicitly recognize that the feed efficiencies are different across the two technologies, nor that some US households (as well as households in other countries) may also value and consume hormone-free beef cuts (Drouillard, 2018). Beckman et al (2022) use the same GTAP model to analyze the choices of non-EU countries to adopt or not the new standards that the EU may implement with the Green Deal. Again these authors do not recognize the possibility that only some producers in non-EU countries adopt the new standards and that some non-EU households also want to consume products offered by the new production standards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the mirror clause scenario, we introduce in addition a similar input tax in the United States (targeting a 35% reduction of chemical use in conv v&f) and a prohibitive European tariff on conv v&f coming from the RoW. We thus follow Beckman et al (2022) with only one difference: we impose a prohibitive scenario and not a speculative 50% tariff. The impacts of the Green Deal scenario are reported in Tables A1 and A2 and compared to Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: On the Explicit Modeling Of Gly-free Vandf Technology And Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adding mirror clauses within the European Green Deal: Hype or hope?

Gohin,

Matthews

2024

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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The proposed reductions in farm input uses foreseen in the European Green Deal may penalize European farm production while increasing environmental leakages to foreign countries where production may expand. These expected impacts have led to calls for a more restrictive trade policy based on mirror clauses. This paper considers as a case study a potential ban on glyphosate in vegetable and fruits production. We develop an original computable general equilibrium model with endogenous adoption of new European production standards by foreign producers on currently latent markets. We find in our case study that adding mirror clauses to the Green Deal marginally improves European farm income and the global environmental footprint of food. We find that foreign producers as a whole can gain from these clauses and not lose as in a standard analysis. European households support these clauses by paying higher food bills while consuming vegetables and fruits produced without glyphosate.

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Section: The Vegetable and Fruit Sectormentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On the Explicit Modeling Of Gly-free Vandf Technology And Ma...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adding mirror clauses within the European Green Deal: Hype or hope?

Gohin,

Matthews

2024

Applied Eco Perspectives Pol

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“…Hence, we use the 2014 data. GTAP has been used to conduct policy experiments, such as for biofuels (Hertel et al, 2010;Taheripour et al, 2020), the EU's Farm to Fork Strategy (Beckman et al, 2020(Beckman et al, , 2022Beckman et al, 2022); and trade agreements with prominent agricultural provisions (Beckman et al, 2015). As will be discussed in the next subsection, our model details changes in land type/cover.…”

Section: Empirical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Land competition and welfare effects from Mexico's proposal to ban genetically engineered corn

Beckman,

Nava,

Williams

et al. 2024

American J Agri Economics

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Since joining the North American Free Trade Agreement, Mexico has increased its meat production and exports and become more dependent on imported feedstuffs such as genetically engineered (GE) corn. Mexico recently banned the use of GE corn in corn‐based foods and called for a gradual substitution away from the use of GE corn for other uses (e.g., feed). This paper considers how a complete ban on GE corn might affect Mexican households using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate the impact over the medium run (5 years). Results indicate that Mexico decreases corn imports by 76.9% and increases corn production by 65.6%—an increase that would require 3.3 million hectares more land for corn. The policy leads to a 24.8% increase in Mexico's corn price and up to a 6% increase in the prices of other agricultural products. But Mexico might have difficulty shifting land to corn; as such, we consider an alternative scenario that restricts land movements. We find that impacts are further exacerbated in this scenario—for example, corn prices triple. Our final contribution is to pair these results with a compensating variation calculation based on the almost ideal demand system. We find that Mexican households would need to spend, on average, between 6.7 and 13.9% more on food, depending on the scenario, to compensate for the resulting price escalations. Ultimately, our results show that a move toward greater food sovereignty in Mexico is ultimately borne by consumers via higher food prices.

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“…The top nations are receiving the "Champion of the Earth Award" for the environmental policies they have put in place [10]. The "Global Green Economy Index" and many other assessment indices has been applied to rank the world economies [11]. The "Golden Peacock Environment Management Award" is given for excellence in corporate governance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the European Green Deal (EDG) on the Agricultural Carbon (CO2) Emission in Turkey

Taneja¹,

Özen²

2023

IJSDP

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The European Union (EU) hopes to motivate a sustainable green transition in response to widespread concern that the earth is heading toward environmental calamities due to climatechange issues. The present study focused on analyzing the impact of the EGD on Agricultural carbon emissions in Turkey. European Union and Turkey have strong trade relations; Turkey exports a significant portion of its exports to the European Union. This fact made it compulsory for Turkey to follow the regulations implemented in the EU regarding trade. In reaction to the European Union's EGD, Turkey formulated EGD Action Plan, this plan laid down the roadmap for Turkey to follow the regulations under the EU's EGD. Agriculture carbon emissions in Turkey and EGD are taken as the variables for the study. In the present report, an attempt has been made to analyze impact of the EGD on agriculture carbon emissions. In study, we consider agriculture CO2 emissions as the dependent-variable and the EGD as the independentvariable. Secondary data from the various published sources have been collected and analyzed with statistical tools, and findings are drawn from them. Statistical tools like Unit Root Tests, the Ordinary Least Square Test, and Auto regressive distributed lag model, are used to interpret the impact. The result of our study shows that EGD significantly impacts agriculture carbon emissions.

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Adopt or not adopt? Mirror clauses and the European Green Deal

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Adding mirror clauses within the European Green Deal: Hype or hope?

Adding mirror clauses within the European Green Deal: Hype or hope?

Land competition and welfare effects from Mexico's proposal to ban genetically engineered corn

Impact of the European Green Deal (EDG) on the Agricultural Carbon (CO2) Emission in Turkey

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