Adolescents With Negative Pregnancy Test Results

Zabin, Laurie Schwab; Emerson, Mark R.; Ringers, Patricia A.; Sedivy, Valerie

doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530260027026

Cited by 46 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The pregnancy rates in the power calculation were based on data collected by Zabin et al [4] from the mid-1980s (56% of the adolescents in their sample subsequently became pregnant within the 18 months after an NPT) and the national estimated incidence of adolescent pregnancy (20%) in urban minority women under the age of 19 at the time of the study [6]. Calculations for the appropriate sample size for a survival analysis of pregnancy rates, comparing a single survival distribution with a standard distribution, also were based on the Zabin et al [3] study. Their percentage (56%) was used to calculate the hazard ratio (␦) divided by 100 minus the hazard (44%).…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables were based on those reported by Zabin et al [3,4] and included demographic information, contraception use, pregnancy outcomes, and the use of reproductive health care. Initial trials of the instrument were performed independently by 3 different members of the research team to address issues of validity and reliability.…”

Section: Data Collection Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such population includes teenagers who come to health care sites and receive negative pregnancy test (NPT) results. Adolescent girls with NPT results are an essential group to target for early, effective intervention [3]. These sexually active girls are at increased risk for future pregnancy and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our research group conducted a descriptive study, modeled after the work of Zabin et al [3,4], to investigate the clinical interventions provided to adolescents in an urban area after receiving an NPT result. Descriptive results from the first phase of the study confirmed that across multiple health care settings (in an urban community), including family planning clinics, community health centers, hospitalbased clinics, and school-based health centers, the majority (77%) of adolescents who requested pregnancy tests during a 3-month time period in the late 1990s were not pregnant [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An exploratory aim included whether pregnancy outcomes differed by health care setting. Zabin et al [3,4] collected their data from the mid-1980s and early 1990s, and we sought to determine if there were different patterns in care and pregnancy outcomes by the late 1990s.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive care and rates of pregnancy in teenagers with negative pregnancy test results

Sadler

Chen²,

Daley

et al. 2006

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive care and rates of pregnancy in teenagers with negative pregnancy test results

Sadler

Chen²,

Daley

et al. 2006

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Missed Opportunities

Delbanco¹,

Parker²,

McIntosh³

et al. 1998

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To determine American teenagers' awareness of and knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills and their likelihood to use them. Methods: We conducted a nationally representative telephone survey between March 28, 1996, and May 5, 1996, of 1510 teenagers (757 girls and 753 boys), aged 12 to 18 years, living in the continental United States in households with telephones. The sample overrepresented African American, Latino, and low-income teenagers. The error attributable to sampling and other random effects for the total sample is ±3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. Results: Of the 1510 teenagers, only about one quarter (23%) were aware that "anything" could be done after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Slightly more (28%) had heard of "morning-after pills" or emergency contraceptive pills. Of the 423 teenagers who had heard of emergency contraceptive pills, one third (32%) did not know that a prescription is necessary to obtain them, and three quarters (78%) underestimated how long after unprotected intercourse the emergency contraceptive pill regimen could be initiated. Only 9% knew that emergency contraceptive pills are effective as long as 72 hours after unprotected sex. After being told about the option of emergency contraceptive pills, two thirds (67%) of teenaged girls said that they would be likely to use emergency contraceptive pills. Among the 66% of teenaged girls who had not previously heard of emergency contraceptive pills, 64% said that they would be likely to use them. Conclusions: Emergency contraceptive pills have great potential as a tool for reducing unplanned pregnancies among teenaged girls in the United States. Few teenaged girls were aware that this option exists. Once informed, teenaged girls reported being very interested in taking emergency contraceptive pills if needed.

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Perceived Knowledge and Training Needs in Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention

Hellerstedt

Smith

Shew

2000

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Objectives: To examine health care professionals' knowledge and interest in training in adolescent pregnancy prevention and whether an association exists between perceived knowledge and interest in training.Design: A cross-sectional mailed survey.Participants: Random, stratified sample design that identified 800 psychologists, 800 social workers, 1000 nurses, and 400 pediatricians from national professional membership lists. Response rate to the mailed survey was 51%. After removing respondents who did not currently work with adolescents, 1242 surveys (41%) were available for analyses.Main Outcome Measures: Descriptive analyses were conducted on self-report data concerning perceived knowledge and interest in training about adolescent pregnancy prevention separately for each of the 4 disciplines. Within disciplines, perceived knowledge and interest in training were correlated for each of 3 content areas (ie, sex education and contraceptive counseling, adolescent pregnancy, and counseling after a negative pregnancy test) and for a summary measure of the content areas.Results: Less than half of the nursing, pediatrics, psychology, and social work professionals reported high perceived knowledge in the 3 content areas. Psychologists and social workers reported the lowest perceived knowledge. However, with the exception of psychologists, more than two thirds of the other respondents reported moderate or high interest in training in the 3 content areas. Interest in training was not strongly correlated with perceived knowledge within any discipline. Conclusions:The need to integrate psychosocial components into adolescent health care is a core assumption in the field, yet these data indicate that psychologists and social workers perceive low levels of knowledge and interest in training. These disciplines may benefit from more targeted professional training about their role in preventing adolescent pregnancy. These reductions have been attributed to several factors, including a decrease in the proportion of adolescents who are sexually active, an increased likelihood that adolescents will use contraception, especially condoms, at first intercourse, and the use of injectable and implantable contraceptives, especially among black youth, who have historically had the highest adolescent pregnancy and birth rates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc1 Declines in adolescent pregnancy rates should fuel optimism but not complacency, because the number of pregnancies in females younger than 20 years in the United States continues to approach 1 million per year; more than three quarters of these pregnancies are assumed to be unintended.2 Also, in the near future, we may see an increase in adolescent pregnancy and childbearing. It is estimated that between 1995 and 2005, the number of 15-to 17-year-olds in the United States will increase by 15%; the greatest increases will be in the nonwhite population, who have 2 to 3 times higher fertility rates than whites.3 If the current adolescent fertility rate remains the same, it is estimated that there ...

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Adolescents With Negative Pregnancy Test Results

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Reproductive care and rates of pregnancy in teenagers with negative pregnancy test results

Reproductive care and rates of pregnancy in teenagers with negative pregnancy test results

Missed Opportunities

Perceived Knowledge and Training Needs in Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention

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