Adolescents' MMPI performance, cynicism, estrangement, and personal adjustment as a function of race and sex

Moore, Carolyn Denise; Handal, Paul J.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198010)36:4<932::aid-jclp2270360417>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In studies in which matched and unmatched analyses were presented, the matched analyses were included in the current meta-analyses. Studies in which participants were generally identified as similar on a demographic characteristic (e.g., socioeconomic status), but in which the participants were not matched or in which the demographic characteristic was not directly analyzed were not considered to be demographically matched studies (e.g., Moore & Handal, 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and psychopathology: A meta-analytic review of 31 years of comparative MMPI/MMPI-2 research.

Hall¹,

Bansal²,

López³

1999

Psychological Assessment

109

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Meta-analyses were performed on 25 comparative Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and MMPI-2 studies of 1,428 male African Americans versus 2,837 male European Americans, 12 studies of 1,053 female African Americans versus 1,470 female European Americans, and 13 studies of 500 male Latino Americans and 1,345 male European Americans. Aggregate effect sizes suggest higher scores for ethnic minority groups than for European Americans on some MMPI/MMPI-2 scales and lower scores on others. However, none of the aggregate effect sizes suggest substantive differences from either a statistical or clinical perspective. The MMPI and MMPI-2 apparently do not unfairly portray African Americans and Latinos as pathological. Effect sizes across studies generally did not vary as a function of sociodemographic variables, research setting, or use of the MMPI versus MMPI-2. It is recommended that additional between-and within-ethnic groups psychopathology research continue. In an increasingly multicultural society, ethnic differences in psychopathology could have far reaching implications. Perhaps the most benevolent implication of ethnic differences would be the need for culture-specific models of psychopathology, assessment, and treatment (Florsheim, Tolan, & Gorman-Smith, 1996; Okazaki, 1997). However, cultural differences have traditionally been regarded in our society as deficiencies (Jones, 1988). Ethnic differences in psychopathology could result in ethnic minority persons receiving different, and possibly negative, treatment in educational, employment, legal, mental health, and other settings in which measures of psychopathology are used to determine one's status. Thus, when ethnic differences in psychopathology are reported, the validity of such differences has been questioned (Okazaki & Sue, 1995b). Epidemiological data on psychopathology suggest few ethnic differences in rates of psychopathology. In the Epidemiological Catchment Area Project (ECAP), African Americans had significantly greater lifetime prevalence than European Americans only of simple phobia, agoraphobia, and cognitive impairment (Robins et al., 1984). In the same project, European Americans had a significantly greater prevalence of drug abuse and major depressive disorders than did Mexican Americans, but there were not 'significant differences for other disorders (Karno et al., 1987). More recent data also suggest comparable rates of psychopathology across ethnic groups (Huertin-Roberts, Snowden,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and psychopathology: A meta-analytic review of 31 years of comparative MMPI/MMPI-2 research.

Hall¹,

Bansal²,

López³

1999

Psychological Assessment

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cynicism has been conceptualized as a domain-specific construct and has been studied in different contexts. For example, literature is replete with concepts such as trait cynicism (Moore and Handal, 1980;Mirvis and Kanter, 1991), police cynicism (Regoli et al, 1989), political cynicism (Perloff and Kinsey, 1992), legal cynicism (Sampson and Bartusch, 1998), press cynicism (Schudson, 1999), organizational cynicism (Andersson, 1996;Andersson and Bateman, 1997;Dean et al, 1998;Abraham, 2000), etc. Consumer cynicism too is proposed to be domain-specific (Chylinski and Chu, 2010;Helm et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cynicismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cynical consumer: how social cynicism impacts consumer attitude

Indibara

Varshney

2020

JCM

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of social cynicism on consumer cynicism. The negative inferred motive is tested as a mediator between social cynicism and consumer cynicism; whereas, negative affectivity is tested as a moderator between social cynicism and negative inferred motive. Design/methodology/approach The study was carried out in India using a mixed-method approach. In the first stage, a survey was conducted to test the moderated mediation model, followed by in-depth interviews in the second stage. The survey was analysed using structural equation modelling, while themes were generated from the data collected through interviews. Findings The study established the effect of social cynicism on consumer cynicism. Negative inferred motive mediated the relationship between social cynicism and consumer cynicism. Negative affectivity moderated the influence of social cynicism on negative inferred motive. Research limitations/implications With rising anti-consumption behaviours, it is imperative to understand why consumers turn cynical towards marketers. The study indicates that consumer cynicism is influenced by previous experiences of the consumer with the society and is not merely a reaction to arm-twisting by firms. As social cynicism cannot be changed drastically, understanding how it impacts consumer cynicism would help a firm handle its marketing efforts better. Originality/value The study empirically validates the relationship between social cynicism and consumer cynicism. The mediating effect of negative inferred motive on consumer cynicism was also validated. The study is also the first to point out the moderating role of negative affectivity on the relationship between social cynicism and negative inferred motive.

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“…(4) individuals who lack literacy and affluence develop cynicism (Mirvis & Kanter, 1991). The role of a person's demographics on cynicism was also established by researchers like Moore and Handal (1980), Andersson (1996), Sridharan and Viswanathan (2008), and Chikweche and Fletcher (2010). We propose that these demographic variables will also be significant in the consumption domain.…”

Section: Proposed Outcomes Of Consumer Cynicismmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The results showed that (1) people younger and older than middle‐aged persons are more cynical, (2) males tend to be more cynical than females, (3) minority races are more cynical than Whites, and (4) individuals who lack literacy and affluence develop cynicism (Mirvis & Kanter, 1991). The role of a person's demographics on cynicism was also established by researchers like Moore and Handal (1980), Andersson (1996), Sridharan and Viswanathan (2008), and Chikweche and Fletcher (2010). We propose that these demographic variables will also be significant in the consumption domain.…”

Section: Future Research Directions Based On Ado‐tcm Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Demographics such as age, gender, education, income, and place of residence are also expected to be valid moderators between consumer cynicism and its outcomes (Andersson, 1996; Grønhaug, 1977; Mirvis & Kanter, 1991; Moore & Handal, 1980). Different age groups are expected to have different experiences and perspectives in life.…”

Section: Future Research Directions Based On Ado‐tcm Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consumer cynicism: Interdisciplinary hybrid review and research agenda

Indibara

Halder

Varshney

2023

Int J Consumer Studies

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Over the years, consumers have been questioning the intentions and actions of firms, resulting in a cynical attitude and behaviour. Due to the severity of the outcomes that cynical consumers may display, reputed journals and prolific researchers have addressed the core issue in their own unique ways. However, no single study offers a uniform, comprehensive, and contemporary review of consumer cynicism literature. Thus, we use an interdisciplinary approach to study the literature spanning 47 years (1976–2022) on cynicism in consumer research, psychology, and organizational domains through a hybrid review involving bibliometric and systematic literature reviews. Following the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, this review shows the most cited and co‐cited articles, researchers, and keywords in cynicism research. We infer that the consumer cynicism construct draws heavily from the organizational behaviour area, possessing the potential to be correlated with, and extended to interdisciplinary research. Also, we offer an all‐inclusive model of the predictors and predictands of consumer cynicism based on the ADO‐TCM framework. We close this study with its academic contributions, practical implications, and future research directions using the ADO‐TCM framework.

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Adolescents' MMPI performance, cynicism, estrangement, and personal adjustment as a function of race and sex

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Ethnicity and psychopathology: A meta-analytic review of 31 years of comparative MMPI/MMPI-2 research.

Ethnicity and psychopathology: A meta-analytic review of 31 years of comparative MMPI/MMPI-2 research.

Cynical consumer: how social cynicism impacts consumer attitude

Consumer cynicism: Interdisciplinary hybrid review and research agenda

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