Adolescent suicide attempts: Outcomes at follow-up.

Spirito, Anthony; Plummer, Barry; Gispert, Maria; Levy, Samantha; Kurkjian, Jayne A.; Lewander, William J.; Hagberg, Sean; Devost, Linda

doi:10.1037/h0079362

Cited by 114 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Youths who attempt or contemplate suicide would be expected to have high levels of psychological distress following their suicidality. Empirical data on heterosexual youths support this hypothesis (e.g., Laurent et al, 1998;Lewinsohn et al, 1994;Pfeffer et al, 1993;Spirito et al, 1992). For example, in a large cohort of adolescents (Fergusson & Lynskey, 1995), youths who reported a past suicide attempt (at or prior to age 14) were 17 times more likely to be diagnosed (at age 16) with a mood disorder, 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, and 13 times more likely to be diagnosed with conduct disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships

Rosario

Schrimshaw²,

Hunter³

2005

J Youth Adolescence

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Longitudinal relations between past suicidality and subsequent changes in psychological distress at follow-up were examined among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youths, as were psychosocial factors (e.g., self-esteem, social support, negative social relationships) that might mediate or moderate this relation. Past suicide attempters were found to have higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, and conduct problems at a later time than youths who neither attempted nor ideated. Psychosocial factors failed to mediate this relation. The interaction among past suicidality, social support, and negative relationships was associated with subsequent changes in all three psychological distress indicators six months later. Specifically, high levels of support (either from family or friends) or negative relationships were found to predict increased psychological distress among those with a history of suicide attempts, but not among youths without a history of suicidality. The findings suggest that GLB youths who attempt suicide continue to have elevated levels of psychological distress long after their attempt and they highlight the importance of social relationships in the youths' psychological distress at follow-up. Keywordsgay; lesbian; bisexual adolescents; suicide attempts; suicidal ideation; psychological distress; conduct problems; self-esteem; social support; negative social relationships; longitudinal research Suicide is a critical public health concern among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youths. These youths live in a society that stigmatizes and condemns homosexuality (e.g., Herek,To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Psychology, The City University of New York -The City College and Graduate Center, NAC Building 7-120, Convent Avenue and 138 th Street, New York, NY 10031. mrosario@gc.cuny.edu. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the biannual meeting of the European Association for Research on Adolescence, Oxford, UK, September 2002; and, at . Thus, it is unsurprising that many GLB youths, given their young age and developmentally limited coping strategies, have considered or attempted suicide in response to the stigmatization (e.g., Bontempo & D'Augelli, 2002;Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995). Indeed, the prevalence of suicidality is elevated among GLB youths (see below). However, nothing is known about the long-term implications of suicidality among GLB youths. The present report on GLB youths examines the relation of suicidality on subsequent psychological distress at follow-up and further investigates psychosocial factors that mediate or moderate the relation between suicidality and changes in psychological distress. Prevalence of Suicidality Among GLB YouthsStudies employing representative samples have found a significantly higher prevalence of suicide attempts among GLB youths than heterosexual youths: between 21% and 35% within the past year among GLB youths and between 4% and 14% among heterosexual youths (Faulkner & Cranston, 1998;Fergusson et al...

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confidence: 55%

Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships

Rosario

Schrimshaw²,

Hunter³

2005

J Youth Adolescence

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“…One treatment strategy, Dialectical Behaviour Therapy, has been found to significantly reduce the number of suicidal acts within one year in 18 -45 years old females with previous parasuicide incidents [38]. Since repetition often occurs soon after the attempt, i.e., within 4 weeks [11] or 12 weeks [37,39,40,41], risky behaviour such as early repetition ought to be considered. At a suicide attempt special attention should be put to those with several previous attempts to prevent further repetitive behaviour.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of repeated parasuicide after 1–12 months

Cedereke

Öjehagen

2005

Eur. psychiatr.

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BackgroundTo investigate predictors for repetition of suicide attempts 1–12 months after a suicide attempt.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen patients who had made a suicide attempt were investigated after 1 month, and 178 were followed up again after 12 months.ResultsDuring 1–12 months after the suicide attempt, 30 patients reattempted suicide (repeaters). During 0–1 month 13 patients had reattempted suicide (early repeaters), and nine of them also repeated between 1 and 12 months. Repeaters had more often made three or more attempts before index attempt, they more often were in treatment at the index attempt and at 1 month they had lower global functioning and higher suicide ideation. In a Cox Regression analysis two predictors for repetition between 1 and 12 months remained significant; early repetition (OR 6.7, 95% CI, 3.0–14.9) and having GAF-scores below 49 (median cut-off) (OR 3.4 (95% CI, 1.5–7.5).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that repetitive behaviour in itself is a strong predictor of future attempts. Strategies focusing on the repetitive behaviour are warranted.

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“…Spirito et al (1992) found that 16.7% of adolescents presenting to a general hospital after a suicide attempt used alcohol at least once a week at a three-month follow-up Additionally, hospitalized adolescent suicide attempters have been shown to be more likely to drink at least weekly or meet criteria for alcohol abuse than non-suicidal pediatric controls between 5 and 15 years later (Laurent, Foussard, David, Boucharlat, & Bost, 1998;Otto, 1972). None of these studies reported assessing drinking patterns prior to the attempt, limiting our ability to determine whether post-attempt drinking was a consequence of the suicide attempt.…”

Section: Distal Effects Of S→amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…School changes may be voluntary, due to moving or embarrassment/ harassment because of the attempt, or involuntary (e.g., expelled or denied enrollment). One study documented that 23% of adolescent suicide attempters were subsequently involved in physical fighting three months post-hospitalization (Spirito et al, 1992). In addition, young adults who attempt suicide often are not allowed to continue college enrollment due to fears of litigation (Bender, 2006;Moran, 2006) which disrupts a student's social world.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

Bagge

Sher

2008

Clinical Psychology Review

113

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The present article provides a conceptual framework of the relation between alcohol involvement (A) and suicide attempts (S). This framework can be broadly construed to reflect two dimensions: directionality (direction of causality; A→S, S→A, or a spurious relation) and temporality (distinguishing between proximal and distal effects of both behaviors). We review and evaluate the evidence on the association between A and S among adolescents using this conceptual framework as a guide. The extant data suggest that this relation is complex and not fully understood. Further, it seems unlikely that a single approach will be found to determine direction of causality, and the specification and validation of hypothesized mechanisms will involve a variety of different types of evidence. Suggestions for additional research using informative designs are discussed.Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents and accounts for more deaths per year than the next seven leading causes combined (Anderson & Smith, 2003). In 2004, the incidence of suicide was 1.3/100,000 per year among youth aged 10-14 and 8.2/100,000 per year among adolescents aged 15-19 (Center of Disease Control [CDC], 2005). It is estimated that for every death by suicide there are between 8 to 25 nonfatal suicide attempts (Moscicki, 2001). Beyond the tragedy of self-inflicted mortality, the repercussions of adolescent suicide on close friends, extended peer networks, and the family are often severe and account for additional emotional and economic costs to individuals and society (Miller, Covington, & Jenson, 1999). Recognizing the importance of adolescent suicide and suicide attempts to the Nation's health, Healthy People 2010 (Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2000) has listed as high priority goals to reduce, by more than half, completed suicide overall and suicide attempts in youth.Given the seriousness of suicide, there is historical interest in identifying the factors that predispose adolescents to attempt suicide. Alcohol involvement (AI) is consistently implicated in adolescent suicide attempts (Mehlenbeck, Spirito, Barnett, & Overholser, 2003). This association has been hypothesized since the birth of modern psychiatry. Menninger conceptualized addiction as both a protracted from of chronic suicide and as playing a part in focal deliberate "accidents" (Menninger, 1938). Similar to Menninger, we believe that alcohol can relate to suicide attempts both situationally and chronically, and the aim of this paper is to put forth a conceptual framework of the relation between AI and suicide attempts.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Courtney L. Bagge, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences, 200 South Seventh Street, Columbia, MO 65211-0001. I may also be reached by telephone at (573) 882-9770, by fax at (573) 884-5588 or by email at CLBF34@mizzou.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a...

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Adolescent suicide attempts: Outcomes at follow-up.

Cited by 114 publications

References 11 publications

Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships

Psychological Distress Following Suicidality Among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youths: Role of Social Relationships

Prediction of repeated parasuicide after 1–12 months

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

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