Adolescent Sleep, School Start Times, and Teen Motor Vehicle Crashes

Latina Adolescent Sleep and Mood: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Pilot Study

“…Latina adolescents in this study reported sleep that was on average 2 hr below the 9 hr recommended for adolescents (Carskadon, 2009); there is no research to date to indicate that Latina adolescents require fewer hours of sleep than the recommended 9 hr. Inadequate sleep has been associated with negative outcomes for mental health, physical health, academic behavior, and other behavior problems (Dahl & Lewin, 2002;Danner & Phillips, 2008;Davis et al, 2013;Lee et al, 2012;McKnight-Eily et al, 2011;James et al, 2011;Landis et al, 2009). Compared to their non-Latina peers, Latina adolescents disproportionately report higher rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation (Garcia et al, 2008).…”

“…Adolescent sleep deprivation is in part the result of normative pubertal changes in sleep regulation, specifically homeostatic and circadian regulation systems (Dahl & Lewin, 2002;Hagenauer, Perryman, Lee, & Carskadon, 2009), but inadequate sleep is also a symptom associated with depression and suicidality (Lee, Cho, Cho, & Kim, 2012). Although there are biological explanations for insufficient sleep, attention toward minimizing sleep deprivation among adolescents is warranted because it is associated with numerous negative outcomes, including mental health (i.e., depression, mood disturbances, suicidality; Lee et al, 2012;McKnight-Eily et al, 2011), physical health (i.e., daytime sleepiness, immune system compromise, overweight, caffeine use, pedestrian safety; Davis, Avis, & Schwebel, 2013;James, Kristjánsson, & Sigfúsdóttir, 2011;Landis, Parker, & Dunbar, 2009;McKnight-Eily et al, 2011;Noland et al, 2009), academic behavior (i.e., inattention, behavior problems, poor grades, success;James et al, 2011), and other behavioral problems (i.e., substance use; James et al, 2011;McKnight-Eily et al, 2011), driving crashes, impulse control, delinquency, and violence (Danner & Phillips, 2008;McKnight-Eily et al, 2011;Peach & Gaultney, 2013). Sleep quality is another important dimension, having demonstrated negative associations with depressive symptoms and problem behaviors for both young males and females (Meijer, Reitz, Dekovi, van den Wittenboer, & Stoel, 2010;Yip, 2013).…”

“…Nurses and other healthcare providers can partner with academic institutions to advocate for research-informed practice, specifically high school start times that have demonstrated influence on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior (Danner & Phillips, 2008;Noland et al, 2009;Owens, Belon, & Moss, 2010).…”

School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

“…65 In Paksarian et al, bedtimes were delayed by only 10 minutes for each 30 minute delay in school start times. 71 In 29 reports, a later start time was found to be associated with longer weekday sleep duration, 34,36,38,[51][52][53][54][55][56][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] including the studies that noted later bedtimes. 34,36,56,64,66,71 In contrast to the majority of studies that observed longer sleep duration in later starting schools, 2 studies comparing students from schools with different start times did not observe a significant difference in sleep duration.…”

“…62,70 Eleven of the positive studies found that students got at least one additional minute of sleep for every 2 minutes of difference in start time (eg, at least 30 minutes more sleep when start time was 1 hour later), 34,55,56,60,61,64,65,68,70,72,78 although 6 other studies observed smaller, yet statistically significant, differences. 51,52,62,63,73,74 In addition to reporting longer sleep durations, students with later start times were less likely to report daytime sleepiness or falling asleep in class in nearly all studies that assessed these outcomes. 34,36,55,56,60,64,65,69,72,74 Two studies observed no difference in sleepiness based on school start times.…”