Adolescent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk for Subsequent HIV

Newbern, E. Claire; Anschuetz, Greta; Eberhart, Michael; Salmon, Melinda E.; Brady, Kathleen A.; Reyes, A De Los; Baker, Jane M.; Asbel, Lenore; Johnson, Caroline C.; Schwarz, Donald F.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301463

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Sexual risk behaviors, including having multiple partners and unprotected sex, can lead to unplanned pregnancy and sexual transmitted infections (STIs; Capaldi et al, 2002; Valois et al, 1999). Adolescents with STIs were more than twice as likely to have a subsequent HIV infection (Newbern et al, 2013). Injection drug use is a risk factor for HIV infection, with the prevalence of HIV estimated at 15% among injection drug users (Mathers et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior

Luk

Worley

Winiger

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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PURPOSE To examine the associations between substance use and antisocial behavior trajectories and seven risky behaviors over time. METHOD Data were collected from a high-risk sample of adolescents followed into young adulthood. Five trajectory classes, identified based on dual development of substance use and antisocial behavior symptoms, were used to predict three risky driving and four risky sexual behaviors. RESULTS In this high-risk sample, participants reported notably high overall rates of reckless driving (55.5%) and unprotected sex under the influence (44.8%) in the past year. Risky behaviors that are typically of low base rates in population-based studies were also elevated, with 8.8% reporting past-year driving under the influence (DUI) charge, 17.6% reporting lifetime sexually transmitted infection (STI), and 10.4% reporting lifetime injection drug use. The Dual Chronic class had the highest levels of all seven risky behaviors, and were 3–4 times more likely to report risky driving, lifetime STI, and injection drug use than the Relatively Resolved class. Rates of past-year reckless driving and DUI were elevated among classes with persistent antisocial behavior, whereas rates of DUI, DUI charge, and unprotected sex under the influence were elevated among classes with persistent substance use. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with persistent co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior engage in multiple very costly risky behaviors. Differential associations between risky behaviors and trajectory classes highlight the need for targeted interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior

Luk

Worley

Winiger

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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show abstract

“…This matters because these behaviors place adolescents at higher risk for numerous negative health outcomes, including unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (CDC, 2009), and of greatest concern, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Newbern et al, 2013). Unfortunately, existing prevention interventions have relatively modest effects (Bryan, Schmiege, & Broaddus, 2009; Schmiege, Broaddus, Levin, & Bryan, 2009), particularly for substance-using youth (Cooper, 2002; Tolou-Shams, Stewart, Fasciano, & Brown, 2010).…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural activation during response inhibition is associated with adolescents' frequency of risky sex and substance use

Ewing

Bryan

2015

Addictive Behaviors

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While many have identified the important role of the developing brain in youth risk behavior, few have examined the relationship between salient cognitive factors (response inhibition) and different types of real-world adolescent health risk behaviors (substance use and risky sex) within the same sample of youth. We therefore sought to examine these relationships with 95 high-risk youth (ages 14-18; M age = 16.29 years). We examined the relationship between blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to an fMRI-based cognitive task designed to assess response inhibition (Go/NoGo) and past month risk behavior (number of substance use days; number of unprotected sex days). For this sample of youth, we found significant negative correlations between past month substance use and response inhibition within the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right insula (uncorrected p < .001; extent threshold ≥ 10 voxels). In addition, in the same contrast, we found significant positive correlations between past month risky sex and activation within the right IFG and left middle occipital gyrus (uncorrected p < .001; extent threshold ≥ 10 voxels). These results suggest the particular relevance of these regions in this compelling, albeit slightly different pattern of response for adolescent substance use and risky sex.

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“…10 Newbern et al stated that adolescents are in the developmental phase in terms of sexual behavior and susceptible to peer pressure in their schools and risky sexual behaviors like sex with multiple partners& inadequate protection during sex. 11,12 This imposes a substantial responsibility on the emphasis given to sex education and counseling of the youth. Out of the 9 adolescents 5 are female showing they too are equally victimized to GH and should not be underestimated.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in variance with studies that ascribe unsafe sex more to adolescents. 10,11 The significant positive association of HIV with older age groups as provided in Table-2, has been explained by various factors such as loss of sexual spouse lack of stable partner, alcoholism and better economic situation to afford commercial sex workers (CSWs). Increased economic capability of higher ages could translate into higher use of CSW.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Genital herpes and HIV status: a clinical study

2017

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Background: Genital herpes (GH) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) increases risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Some risk factors like age, sex, previous genital ulcerative disease (GUD), number of sex partners and clinical presentations like number and size of erosions, number of episodes, inter-episode duration, healing period with acyclovir & co-STDs are studied with reference to HIV status.Methods: This is a longitudinal, observational study comparing 25 patients each in HIV positive and negative groups of GH between 15-60 years of age in both genders. Chi square test (or Fisher’s exact test) for nominal data and ‘t’ test for continuous data was used in case of association. Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of mean ranks and median.Results: Adolescents were 18%. HIV positivity was significantly associated with age group above 45 years, multiple sex partners, average number of episodes & the duration between them and number of erosions (p <0.05). Healing period with acyclovir in HIV positive patients was significantly longer than in HIV negative patients. Secondary syphilis a co-STD had significant association with HIV positivity. Though previous GUD alone was not associated with HIV positivity significantly; however GUD in patients with multiple sexual partners showed significant association with HIV. Conclusions: High proportion of adolescents amongst GH patients is notable. Adolescents & older patients above 45 years should not be neglected in STD & HIV awareness. Risk factors must be interviewed with patients. Clinical parameters & risk factors, differs with HIV status.

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Adolescent Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk for Subsequent HIV

Abstract: Effective interventions that reduce adolescent STIs are needed to avert future STI and HIV acquisition. Focusing on adolescents with gonococcal infections or multiple STIs might have the greatest impact on future HIV risk.

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior

Risky driving and sexual behaviors as developmental outcomes of co-occurring substance use and antisocial behavior

Neural activation during response inhibition is associated with adolescents' frequency of risky sex and substance use

Genital herpes and HIV status: a clinical study

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