Adolescent Running Away Behavior: Active or Passive Avoidance?

Man, Anton De; Dolan, Diana C.; Pelletier, Raymond J.; Reid, Colleen E.

doi:10.1080/00221325.1994.9914758

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The results of the present study confirm the high rates of depression among runaway youth found in previous research (DeMan et al 1994;Yoder 1999;Whitbeck et al 2000). Counter to previous findings, however, standardized depression scores were significantly higher among young men than young women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Prior research has shown that for boys, running away has been associated with suicidal ideation, depression, and delinquency. For girls, run away behavior has been associated with delinquency, drug/alcohol use, high-risk sexual activity, depression and suicidal thoughts (DeMan et al 1994;Yoder 1999). While both genders suffer from stressful family environments, it appears that male runaways become depressed and withdraw from the source of their stress by physically removing themselves from their abusive family environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Factors as Predictors of Depression Among Runaway Youth: Do Males and Females Differ?

Thompson

Bender

Kim

2010

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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This study investigates family environments associated with depressive symptoms among male and female runaway adolescents. Data were collected on 197 participants recruited from a runaway youth shelter in the southwest. Regression analyses showed that females' depressive symptoms were predominately related to interpersonal relationships, such as family communication, conflict, and worry about these relationships. Male participants were particularly sensitive to father's alcohol abuse and worry about family relationships. Identifying family factors associated with depressive symptoms among male and female runaway youth has implications for treatment and reunification of adolescents with their families.Keywords Runaway youth Á Depression in adolescence Á Family functioning Á Gender differences Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable stage of development where expanding roles within the social environment add stressors. For most young people, experiences during this transitional period are without significant difficulties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Factors as Predictors of Depression Among Runaway Youth: Do Males and Females Differ?

Thompson

Bender

Kim

2010

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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“…This idea of a mixed avoidance pattern has been investigated in humans; for example, adolescent running away behavior may reflect passive avoidance in males but both passive and active avoidance in females (De Man et al, 1994). Clinically, agoraphobia may be associated with strong passive avoidance but weak active avoidance (Zinbarg et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and Extinction of Human Avoidance Behavior: Attenuating Effect of Safety Signals and Associations with Anxiety Vulnerabilities

Sheynin

Beck

Servatius

et al. 2014

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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While avoidance behavior is often an adaptive strategy, exaggerated avoidance can be detrimental and result in the development of psychopathologies, such as anxiety disorders. A large animal literature shows that the acquisition and extinction of avoidance behavior in rodents depends on individual differences (e.g., sex, strain) and might be modulated by the presence of environmental cues. However, there is a dearth of such reports in human literature, mainly due to the lack of adequate experimental paradigms. In the current study, we employed a computer-based task, where participants control a spaceship and attempt to gain points by shooting an enemy spaceship that appears on the screen. Warning signals predict on-screen aversive events; the participants can learn a protective response to escape or avoid these events. This task has been recently used to reveal facilitated acquisition of avoidance behavior in individuals with anxiety vulnerability due to female sex or inhibited personality. Here, we extended the task to include an extinction phase, and tested the effect of signals that appeared during “safe” periods. Healthy young adults (n = 122) were randomly assigned to a testing condition with or without such signals. Results showed that the addition of safety signals during the acquisition phase impaired acquisition (in females) and facilitated extinction of the avoidance behavior. We also replicated our recent finding of an association between female sex and longer avoidance duration and further showed that females continued to demonstrate more avoidance behavior even on extinction trials when the aversive events no longer occurred. This study is the first to show sex differences on the acquisition and extinction of human avoidance behavior and to demonstrate the role of safety signals in such behavior, highlighting the potential relevance of safety signals for cognitive therapies that focus on extinction learning to treat anxiety symptoms.

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“…Others have estimated that 80-90% of runaway youth suffer from significant mood disorders, often resulting in suicidal thoughts and attempts (Schaffer & Caton, 1984;Yoder, Hoyt, & Whitbeck, 1998). Thirty percent of runaway adolescents report previous suicide attempts (Stiffman, 1989) and suicidal ideation has been identified as the single best predictor of running away among adolescent community populations (DeMan, Dolan, Pelletier, & Reid, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Runaway Youth Utilizing Crisis Shelter Services: Predictors of Presenting Problems

Thompson

Zittel-Palamara

Maccio

2004

Child & Youth Care Forum

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The evidence is clear that the problems of runaway youth are immense, varied, and persistent. Services must be designed to address these problems and the factors associated with them. This study investigated a sample (n ¼ 156) of runaway youths admitted to basic shelter services and evaluated the individual and family factors associated with various problem domains, including: family relationships, abuse, mental health, substance use, and educational difficulties. Findings demonstrated that familyoriented issues were the predominant predictors of youth problems. Results point to the need for developing and evaluating new approaches in solving problems of runaway youth that incorporate strengthening family relationships.

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Adolescent Running Away Behavior: Active or Passive Avoidance?

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Family Factors as Predictors of Depression Among Runaway Youth: Do Males and Females Differ?

Family Factors as Predictors of Depression Among Runaway Youth: Do Males and Females Differ?

Acquisition and Extinction of Human Avoidance Behavior: Attenuating Effect of Safety Signals and Associations with Anxiety Vulnerabilities

Runaway Youth Utilizing Crisis Shelter Services: Predictors of Presenting Problems

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