Adolescent resilience to addiction: a social plasticity hypothesis

Cousijn, Janna; Luijten, Maartje; Ewing, Sarah W. Feldstein

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(17)30148-7

Cited by 85 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The rates and patterns of adolescent substance use have maintained historical consistency throughout the past several decades. Alcohol continues to be the top substance used by adolescents across the globe (Cousijn et al., ; Feldstein Ewing et al., ). Noted in top U.S. surveys (CDC, ; Johnston et al., ), even though the legal age of purchase and consumption is 21 years, alcohol is highly accessible for American youth, with most accessing alcohol through peers or other individuals (CDC, ).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Adolescent Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Hunting for What Works: Adolescents in Addiction Treatment

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Thomsen³

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Although adolescents are developmentally distinct from adults, they often receive addiction treatment based on adult models. This is problematic because adolescents face significantly different conditions in addiction treatment, including distinct basic biological and neurodevelopmental stages, unique sociodevelopmental concerns, distinctive addiction trajectories, and, in turn, disparate treatment goals and outcomes. In sum, it can be difficult for even savvy clinicians to know how to approach addiction treatment with this important age group. In an effort to help clinicians and researchers consider substance use via a neurodevelopmental lens, we approached this review with 4 goals: (i) characterize the prevalence, and related health and safety implications of substance use within this age group; (ii) identify the nature of the adolescent brain, including characteristic features of this phase of neurodevelopment relevant to adolescent substance use treatment; (iii) provide an overview of current adolescent addiction interventions and avenues to improve clinical treatment and clinical research efforts for adolescents; and (iv) examine the intersection between the nature of the developing brain and adolescent substance use, and utilize that information to inform alternative routes and directions for substance use treatment in this critical age group. This review concludes by offering a novel neurodevelopmental model and framework to examine substance use interventions, along with a series of recommendations to optimize adolescent substance use treatment and clinical research.

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Section: Prevalence Of Adolescent Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Hunting for What Works: Adolescents in Addiction Treatment

Silvers

Squeglia

Thomsen³

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…To measure the salience of alcohol stimuli for young adult drinkers, who mainly drink in social settings, we used a cue-reactivity task and a behavioral approach bias task with pictures that include this social context, that is, pictures showing people having a beer/soda in a bar, in addition to plain alcohol and soda pictures. Because we expect that embedding the social setting into alcohol cues will increase their incentive value, we expect that social alcohol pictures elicit stronger brain responses than alcoholic pictures without social context in reward-related regions (e.g., VS, vmPFC, ACC), and in brain regions that are known for their role in social processing (e.g., superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction, (dorso)medial prefrontal cortex, ACC) (Amodio & Frith, 2006;Apps, Rushworth, & Chang, 2016;Cousijn, Luijten, & Feldstein Ewing, 2018;Ruff & Fehr, 2014;Witteman et al, 2015). We also expect a larger behavioral approach bias to social compared to non-social alcohol cues, reflected in an approach bias to social alcohol cues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cue-reactivity and approach bias to social alcohol cues and their association with drinking in a social setting in young adults

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Cousijn

et al. 2019

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Alcohol is mainly consumed in social settings, in which people often adapt their drinking behavior to that of others, also called imitation of drinking. Yet, it remains unclear what drives this drinking in a social setting. In this study, we expected to see stronger brain and behavioral responses to social compared to non-social alcohol cues, that would be associated with actual drinking in a social setting. The sample consisted of 153 beer-drinking males, aged 18-25 years. Brain responses to social alcohol cues were measured during an alcohol cue exposure task in the scanner. Behavioral responses to social alcohol cues were measured using a stimulusresponse compatibility task, providing an index of approach bias towards these cues. Drinking in a social setting was measured in a Bar-Lab setting. Specific brain responses to social alcohol cues were observed in the bilateral superior temporal sulcus and the left inferior parietal lobe. There was no approach bias towards social alcohol cues specifically, however, we did find an approach bias towards alcohol (versus soda) cues in general. Brain responses and approach bias towards social alcohol cues were unrelated and not associated with drinking, measured in the Bar-Lab. Thus, we found no support for a relation between drinking in a social setting on the one hand, and brain cue-reactivity or behavioral approach biases to social alcohol cues on the other hand. This suggests that, in contrast to our hypothesis, drinking in a social setting may not be driven by brain or behavioral responses to social alcohol cues.

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“…; Cousijn et al . ). Specifically, during late childhood and early adolescence period, the FHP group continued to have thicker cortices in bilateral precentral regions extending to left caudal MFG, left IFG, bilateral TPJ, and right ITG, possibly suggesting delayed gray matter maturation for age (Paus ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The process of adolescent neurodevelopment supports several adaptive brain functions responsible for improvement in executive, social and motivated behaviors (Crone & Dahl ; Luciana ; Cousijn, Luijten, & Ewing ). Neuroimaging studies have identified substantial thinning of cortical gray matter regions during adolescence that are marked by both linear and non‐linear patterns (Shaw et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered brain cortical maturation is found in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism

et al. 2018

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Substance-naïve offspring from high-density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families exhibit altered subcortical brain volumes structurally and altered executive-functioning and emotion-processing functionally, compared with their peers. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring alterations of cortical thickness (CTh) in this population. T1-weighted structural brain MRI was acquired in 75 substance-naïve male offspring of treatment-seeking early onset (<25 years) AUD patients with high familial loading of AUDs (≥2 affected relatives) (FHP) and 65 age-matched substance-naïve male controls with negative family history from the community. Surface-based CTh reconstruction was done using FreeSurfer. Univariate general linear models were implemented at each vertex using SurfStat, controlling for age (linear and quadratic effects), and head size, to examine the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh and its relationship with externalizing symptom score (ESS). A Johnson-Neyman procedure revealed that the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh was seen during adolescence, where the FHP group had thicker cortices involving bilateral precentral gyri, left caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral temporo-parietal junction, left inferior-frontal gyrus and right inferior-temporal gyrus. Thicker cortices in left MFG and inferior-parietal lobule were also associated with greater ESS within both groups. More importantly, these group differences diminished with age by young adulthood. Familial AUD risk is associated with age-related differences in maturation of several higher order association cortices that are critical to ongoing development in executive function, emotion regulation and social cognition during adolescence. Early supportive intervention for a delay in alcohol initiation during this critical phase may be crucial for this at-risk population.

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Adolescent resilience to addiction: a social plasticity hypothesis

Cited by 85 publications

References 69 publications

Hunting for What Works: Adolescents in Addiction Treatment

Hunting for What Works: Adolescents in Addiction Treatment

Cue-reactivity and approach bias to social alcohol cues and their association with drinking in a social setting in young adults

Altered brain cortical maturation is found in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism

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