Adolescent rats are more prone to binge eating behavior: A study of age and obesity as risk factors

Bekker, Liza; Barnea, Royi; Brauner, Akiva; Weller, Aron

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.050

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As in our previous studies (Bekker et al, 2014; Barnea et al, 2017), the rats were not deprived before these tests. Based on the rank-order of the intake of Ensure eaten during the 2 h tests (normalized to body weight), the rats were divided as in Boggiano et al (2007) to BER and BEP eating profile groups by the lower and higher tertiles, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Binging usually includes highly palatable foods that are typically characterized by high calorie density and low nutritional values (Oswald et al, 2011; Bekker et al, 2014; Boggiano et al, 2014; Pool et al, 2015) and it is often accompanied by a sense of loss of control in humans (Finlayson et al, 2011; APA, 2013; Boggiano et al, 2014, 2015; Dalton and Finlayson, 2014; Pool et al, 2015) which is triggered by emotional stressors (Boggiano et al, 2007, 2014, 2015; Bello et al, 2014; Pool et al, 2015). Food consumption while binging is not necessarily driven by hunger and therefore it increases various health risks (Finlayson et al, 2011; APA, 2013; Bekker et al, 2014; Boggiano et al, 2015; Imperatori et al, 2015; Pool et al, 2015). Behavioral, emotional, and cognitive properties of BE are seen in 10–20% of the general population (Dalton and Finlayson, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

2017

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Introduction: Binging is the consumption of larger amounts of food in a briefer period of time than would normally be consumed under similar circumstances. Binging requires palatable food (PF) to trigger abnormal eating, probably reflecting gene × environment interactions. In this study we examined the impact of trait binge eating (BE) and its compulsive nature on the conflict between hedonic eating of PF and anticipation of a delayed aversive effect. We used female rats as an animal model similar to other models of BE. A novel aspect of this model in this paper is the use of a delayed internal aversive effect produced by lactose ingestion. Establishing this model will allow us to better understand the nature of the conflict between immediate reward and its delayed aversive implications. We hypothesized that BE prone (BEP) rats will demonstrate maladaptive decision making, presenting higher motivation toward PF even when this is associated with delayed discomfort.Method: (Phase 1) 52 female adult Wistar rats were divided to two eating profiles: resistant and prone binge eaters (BER/BEP) based on intake of liquid PF (Ensure). Next, all subjects underwent a Lactose Conditioning Protocol (LCP) that included 4 h tests, one baseline and 3 conditioning days (Phase 2), in which solid PF (Oreo cookies) was paired with glucose (control-no internal aversive effect) or lactose, dissolved in liquid PF. Index for PF motivation was PF consumption during the 4 h LCP. To test for memory of lactose conditioning, we performed another LCP with glucose only (anticipation, but no actual lactose-induced discomfort), a week after the last conditioning session.Results: Lactose conditioned BEP showed higher motivation toward PF compared to lactose conditioned BER faced with delayed aversive effects. Only lactose conditioned BER rats devaluated the PF over LCP days, indicating an association between PF and abdominal discomfort. In addition, only lactose conditioned BER presented an adaptive dynamic behavior, by varying PF intake according to consequences. Furthermore, solid PF consumption was predicted by binge size of liquid PF, only for lactose conditioned rats.Conclusions: We established an animal model for a common eating conflict in humans using delayed internal aversive unconditional stimuli.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

2017

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“…Studies have shown that both the “liking” and “wanting” aspects of food reward are compromised in the OLETF rats. Besides, OLETF rats showed food‐craving behaviour after a period of abstinence (Marco, Schroeder, & Weller, ); this binge eating behaviour was observed mainly in obese adolescent rats (Bekker, Barnea, Brauner, & Weller, ).…”

Section: Eating Beyond Metabolic Needs: the Nonhomeostatic Role Of Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder

Novelle

Diéguez

2018

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Central and peripheral signals regulating energy homeostasis interact tightly with neuronal pathways to modulate the hedonic component of food intake. Dysregulation of these interactions could explain the development of binge eating disorder (BED) and/or obesity and the increasing incidence of food addiction. In this review, we have highlighted the crucial role of peripheral hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, among others, in these nonhomeostatic pathways. We have also emphasised the relevance of central cannabinoid pathway and lateral hypothalamus, with orexin and melanin‐concentrating hormone neurons, as the critical hub controlling motivation and reward. Throughout the manuscript, we have focused on mechanisms learned from animal models of BED/food addiction in order to understand how these peripheral signals can modulate the motivation to eat. Understanding these mechanisms could help us to develop new treatment options for BED and/or obesity.

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“…Studies in rats have shown that a protocol of limited access to palatable food increases consumption of the preferred diet (Ensure vanilla, sweet‐fat chow or vegetable shortening) over time, indicating BE‐like behavior (Bekker et al . ; Berner, Avena, & Hoebel ; Corwin et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OLETF rats model trait BE, as they demonstrate food craving and proneness to BE (Bekker et al . ; Marco, Schroeder, & Weller ). A previous study in our laboratory showed that obese OLETF rats are predominantly BEP, while lean LETO controls are predominantly BER (Bekker et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait and state binge eating predispose towards cocaine craving

et al. 2015

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Binge eating (BE) and drug seeking share similar behavioral features, including loss of control over consumption and compulsive seeking of the craved substance. Previous studies in animal models have demonstrated a complex interaction between 'state' BE, produced by intermittent access to a palatable diet, and 'trait' BE, a phenotypical proneness towards overeating. In the present study, we examined the relationship between state and trait BE and cocaine seeking. We used Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, a genetic model for obesity that demonstrates BE-like behavior, and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka controls. They received a schedule of limited access to a palatable diet (3 days/week or 5 days/week access to Ensure for a month). Next, they underwent cocaine self-administration training (1 mg/kg, 1 hour/day for 10 days) followed by extinction sessions (7 days). We found that the degree of BE-like behavior and the state and trait BE combination predicted cocaine craving patterns. Lower levels of dopamine D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex were correlated with increased drug craving. Moreover, restricted access to an attractive diet was found to be a risk factor for heightened cocaine craving, particularly in trait binge eaters, as rats on the 3 days/week access schedule persistently failed to cease cocaine seeking throughout extinction. Hence, we postulate a joint role of state and trait BE as risk factors for heightened cocaine craving.

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Adolescent rats are more prone to binge eating behavior: A study of age and obesity as risk factors

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

A Potential Animal Model of Maladaptive Palatable Food Consumption Followed by Delayed Discomfort

Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder

Trait and state binge eating predispose towards cocaine craving

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