Adolescent Obesity: Towards Evidence-Based Policy and Environmental Solutions

Story, Mary; Sallis, James F.; Orleans, C. Tracy

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.022

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…40 School initiatives and community-based programs hold promise for improving early interventions including diet and physical activity, marketing, and physical environments. 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Misperception Among Overweight and Obese Families

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND: Perception of body size is a key factor driving health behavior. Mothers directly influence children's nutritional and exercise behaviors. Mothers of ethnic minority groups and lower socioeconomic status are less likely to correctly identify young children as overweight or obese. Little evaluation has been done of the inverse-the child's perception of the mother's weight. OBJECTIVE: To determine awareness of weight status among mother-child dyads (n=506). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient pediatric dental clinic of Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. PARTICIPANTS: Primarily Hispanic (82.2 %) mothers (n= 253), 38.8±7.5 years of age, and children (n=253), 10.5± 1.4 years of age, responding to a questionnaire adapted from the validated Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. MAIN MEASURES: Anthropometric measures-including height, weight, and waist circumference-and awareness of self-size and size of other generation were obtained. KEY RESULTS: 71.4 % of obese adults and 35.1 % of overweight adults underestimated size, vs. 8.6 % of normal-weight (NW) adults (both p < 0.001). Among overweight and obese children, 86.3 % and 62.3 % underestimated their size, vs. 14.9 % NW children (both p<0.001). Among mothers with overweight children, 80.0 % underestimated their child's weight, vs. 7.1 % of mothers with NW children (p<0.001); 23.1 % of mothers with obese children also underestimated their child's weight (p < 0.01). Among children with obese mothers, only 13.0 % correctly classified the adult's size, vs. 76.5 % with NW mothers (p<0.001). Among obese mothers, 20.8 % classified overweight body size as ideal, vs. 1.2 % among NW mothers (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Overweight/obese adults and children frequently underestimate their size. Adults misjudge overweight/obese children as being of normal weight, and children of obese mothers often underestimate the adult's size. Failure to recognize overweight/obesity status among adults and children can lead to prolonged exposure to obesity-related comorbidities.

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“…40 School initiatives and community-based programs hold promise for improving early interventions including diet and physical activity, marketing, and physical environments. 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Misperception Among Overweight and Obese Families

et al. 2014

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“…It was recently reported that the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with obesity in adolescence (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes) tend to track into adulthood, along with the condition of obesity itself [2]. Moreover, independent of adult obesity status, adolescent obesity increases the long-term risk of adult mortality and morbidity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Behaviors and Overweight among Adolescents: A Population-Based Survey in Japan

et al. 2013

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Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between eating behaviors and overweight among population-based adolescents in Japan. Methods. Study subjects comprised adolescents in the seventh grade (age range, 12–13 years) from Ina, a town in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2008. The height and weight of the subjects were measured, and information concerning eating behaviors (eating speed and eating until full) was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Results. Among boys (n = 1586), fast eating speed significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) for overweight when compared with medium eating speed, regardless of eating until full or not; moreover, a more marked increase in the OR was observed among boys eating until full (OR: 2.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–4.38) than among those not eating until full (2.43, 1.41–4.20). Among girls (n = 1542), fast eating speed led to a significant increase in the OR in those eating until full; however, no significant increases were observed in the OR in those eating quickly and not until full. Conclusions. Among adolescents, fast eating speed was associated with overweight; furthermore, the combination of both fast eating speed and eating until full may have a significant effect on overweight.

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“…There are a wide range of behavioural, genetic, cultural, environmental and biological variables that act both independently and amongst one another which contribute to the development of overweight and obesity in youth [16]. Nonetheless, it is generally accepted that two modifiable behavioural factors have contributed significantly to the aetiology of this current pandemic: dietary habits and PA [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a high intensity physical activity intervention on a selection of health related outcomes: an ecological approach

et al. 2010

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BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality throughout the world. With accumulating evidence suggesting that CVD has its origins in childhood, it is unsurprising that research into obesity prevalence within school aged youth is burgeoning.Within this study our primary objective will be to examine whether high intensity interval training (HIT) improves the CVD risk profile of secondary school aged adolescents. Our secondary objective will be to identify the prevalence of CVD risk factors and examine factors associated with these in adolescents aged 15 - 18 years.Method/DesignA South Lanarkshire school of low socioeconomic status (SES) was selected to participate in the study intervention. Participants from secondary 5 (15 - 17 years) and 6 (16 - 18 years) will be recruited for this study. Participants from secondary 6 will be randomly assigned to Group A (HIT) or Group B (moderate-vigorous) and will perform each protocol three times weekly. The secondary 5 participants will act as the control group. Data collection will take place during the Physical Education (PE) lessons and on school premises and will include: anthropometrical variables (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, skinfold thickness at two sites), physiological responses (blood pressure, aerobic fitness, heart rate (HR) response, vertical jump performance, 10-metre (m) sprint, 50-m sprint and 505-agility test), diet (self-reported seven-day food diary), physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A)) and blood tests (fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen (Fg), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin (high molecular weight), triglyceride and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). An environmental audit of the secondary school and the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of the participants will also be measured. Finally, all exercise sessions will be video recorded and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and mood states will also be taken after each exercise session.DiscussionOur study may be able to demonstrate a time efficient means of reducing CVD risk factors in adolescents.Trial RegistrationNCT01027156

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Adolescent Obesity: Towards Evidence-Based Policy and Environmental Solutions

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Size Misperception Among Overweight and Obese Families

Size Misperception Among Overweight and Obese Families

Eating Behaviors and Overweight among Adolescents: A Population-Based Survey in Japan

The influence of a high intensity physical activity intervention on a selection of health related outcomes: an ecological approach

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