Adolescent obesity in the past decade: A systematic review of genetics and determinants of food choice

Abstract

Background and purpose: As the incidence of global obesity increases, concerns about adverse health outcomes in adolescents continues to rise. The complexity and expense of this problem require early recognition and specific preventive treatments. Knowledge of genetics and determinants of food choices contributing to adolescent obesity warrants further examination. The primary goal was to appraise the literature from the past decade (2007–2017) on the current state of food choice and genetic determinants of adolescent overweight/obesity in the United States. The secondary goal was to determine trends in the literature and areas for future research. Methods: A systematic review of research studies in the United States from 2007 to 2017 was completed. Database searches were conducted using CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 535 studies were selected. Of these, 283 studies focused on determinants of food choices and 165 studies focused on genetic factors. Conclusions: A total of 41 full-text articles included in this literature review contained studies limited exclusively to adolescents. Stress factors related to food choices demonstrated a new trend being explored. The need for precision health, the application of genetic information, could uncover ways food choices affect adolescent obesity. Implications for practice: The etiology of adolescent obesity requires that nurses gain knowledge of genetics and food choice determinants to inform personalized treatments for adolescents, which may establish effective interventions that promote healthy weight achievement.

Impact of Reduced School Exposure on Adolescent Health Behaviors and Food Security: Evidence From 4‐Day School Weeks

“…These data suggest that repeated exposure to 3 consecutive non‐school days may have similar effects. Older children, such as the 8th and 11th graders surveyed here, also have increasing autonomy over food choice 21 and physical activity participation 22 compared to younger children. In this study, we showed significantly more frequent sugar sweetened beverage consumption and less frequent water consumption among 4‐ versus 5‐day week students, although other differences in food and beverage consumption were not observed.…”

İlçede öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencilerinin beslenme alışkanlıkları

“…Bu alanda yapılan sistematik inceleme ve meta analizler adölesanların fast food tüketme oranının çok yüksek olduğunu; bu durumun obezite ile yakından ilişkili olduğu ve fast food tüketiminde arkadaş ve sosyal medyanın önemli rolü olduğu yönünde çıkarımlar içermektedir. [30][31][32]…”

Obesity

“…В то же время высокие темпы распространения ожирения за последние 30 лет в основном связаны с культурными и экологическими изменениями. Высококалорийная диета, увеличение размера порций, нарушенный суточный ритм приема пищи, малоподвижный образ жизни, хронический стресс, а также все более часто диагностируемые расстройства пищевого поведения являются основными факторами, способствующими развитию ожирения [7], т.е. наследственная предрасположенность к развитию ожирения реализуется под воздействием указанных факторов.…”

“…• При осмотре кожных покровов рекомендуется обратить внимание на наличие стрий, участков гиперпигментации кожи, характер оволосения [7,10,14,[43][44][45].…”