Adolescent nonmedical prescription drug use

Ford, Jason A.; Watkins, William C.

doi:10.1037/e542612012-002

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) has reached epidemic proportions in the United States (McHugh et al, 2015), and is a growing public health problem among adolescents (Ford and Watkins, 2012). NMPDU is typically defined as using prescription drugs without a medical doctor's prescription for personal use, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings that it elicits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and consequences of prescription drug misuse during middle school

Tucker

Ewing

Miles

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Objectives Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) is a growing public health problem among adolescents. This is the first study to examine the correlates of early NMPDU initiation during middle school, and how early initiation is associated with four domains of functioning in high school (mental health, social, academic, and delinquency). Methods Students initially in 6th-8th grades from 16 middle schools completed in-school surveys between 2008 and 2011 (Waves 1-5), and a web-based survey in 2013-2014 (Wave 6). We used discrete time survival analysis to assess predictors of initiation from Waves 1-5 based on students who provided NMPDU information at any of these waves (n=12,904), and regression analysis to examine high school outcomes associated with initiation based on a sample that was followed into high school, Wave 6 (n=2,539). Results Low resistance self-efficacy, family substance use, low parental respect, and offers of other substances from peers were consistently associated with NMPDU initiation throughout middle school. Further, perceiving that more of one's peers engaged in other substance use was associated with initiation at Wave 1 only. By high school, those students who initiated NMPDU during middle school reported lower social functioning, and more suspensions and fighting, compared to students who did not initiate NMPDU during middle school. Conclusion NMPDU initiation during middle school is associated with poorer social functioning and greater delinquency in high school. It is important for middle school prevention programs to address NMPDU. Such programs should focus on both family and peer influences, as well as strengthening resistance self-efficacy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and consequences of prescription drug misuse during middle school

Tucker

Ewing

Miles

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Their perceived safety, purity, predictable dose response, and psychopharmacological specificity make prescription drugs particularly attractive for experimentation and nonmedical use (Cicero, Inciardi, & Munoz, 2005; Friedman, 2006), as does their ease of accessibility (Wright et al, 2014). NMUPD, at the time of this study, was defined as taking prescription pain relievers, stimulants, and/or depressants without a prescription or solely for the feeling or experience caused by the drug (Center for Behavioral Health Statistics & Quality, 2015; Ford & Watkins, 2012). SAMHSA has subsequently replaced nonmedical use with “misuse” (Hughes et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

The association between nonmedical use of prescription drugs and extreme weight control behavior among adolescents.

Owens

Zullig

Divin

et al. 2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Although extreme weight control behavior (EWCB) is associated with substance use, no research has examined the association between the nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and EWCB. Self-report data were collected from a sample of 4,148 students in Grades 9-12 enrolled in 5 high schools across the United States. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers, depressants, stimulants, and a composite measure for any NMUPD, and the EWCB of fasting, use of diet pills, powders, or liquids, and vomiting or laxative use. Models were estimated before and after controlling for key covariates for males and females. Approximately 16% of respondents reported any EWCB during the past 30 days, while 11% reported any NMUPD during the past 30 days. After covariate adjustment, any NMUPD was associated with any EWCB in both males and females (p < .05), and all EWCB remained significant in females who reported prescription pain reliever use (p < .01), with 2 out of 3 remaining significant for prescription stimulant and depressant use (p < .01). The only significant association detected for males was between prescription pain reliever use and using diet pills, powders, or liquids (OR = 2.2, p < .01). Results suggest significant associations between NMUPD and EWCB, with variations by sex. These findings provide directions for additional research and point to several potential identification and intervention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record

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