Adolescent Health and Harassment Based on Discriminatory Bias

Russell, Stephen T.; Sinclair, Katerina O.; Poteat, V. Paul; Koenig, Brian W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300430

Cited by 324 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Concerning the association between discrimination and suicidal ideation, consistent with previous research [25,26] the results suggest that discrimination experiences (whether these are direct or indirect), may actually work as a confirmation of internalized homo-negativity, especially when there are no effective sources of social support. Gays, lesbians and bisexuals represent a sexual minority and as such, they face discrimination situations, stigma and violence by society.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Pereira¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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Objective: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the relation between internalized homophobia and suicidal ideation in young lesbians, gays, bisexuals and heterosexuals; and also assess the influence of gender, discrimination experiences and disclosure of sexual orientation on suicidal ideation. Method:Participants-the sample consists of 389 participants, with a mean age of 19 years old. 51.9% were men and 48.1% were women. Regarding sexual orientation 36.0% were gay, 25.2% bisexual, 21.9% lesbian and17.0% heterosexual. The majority assume having already come out (61.4%). Most of the participants were in high school (51.4%).Instruments-we used a Demographic Questionnaire, the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) (Cronbach's alpha=0,975), and the Internalized Homophobia Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.81).Procedure -the data collection was done using the Internet. The questionnaires were available on a website built solely for this study. Publicity to this website was done through virtual communities, e-mail and several youth forums.Results: The results support the idea that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between internalized homophobia and suicidal ideation. In addition, it was found that gay youngsters are the ones who have a stronger internalized homophobia, while young bisexuals are the ones who have higher levels of suicidal ideation. The teenagers who have not, yet, made their disclosure of sexual orientation and those who experienced discrimination, due to their sexual orientation, are those who had higher levels of suicidal ideation. Conclusion:More emphasis should be placed on suicide prevention for younger LGB individuals, in addition to the current emphasis on suicide prevention for adults. Future research should continue to examine unique, understudied LGB communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Pereira¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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“…Bullying may be more likely among those with stigmatized characteristics related to health (eg, disabilities, obesity) and sexual orientation, and those with stigmatized characteristics may experience worse mental health effects from bullying. 6,9,11,15,16,[33][34][35] Given the potential for these characteristics to act as confounders in the relationship between bullying and mental health, we controlled for chronic illness status, BMI percentile, and sexual orientation. Parents reported whether the child had any of 5 health issues (eg, needs physical, occupational, or speech therapy), and if so, they were asked whether the issue was "because of any medical, behavioral or other health condition," and a "condition that has lasted or is expected to last for at least 12 months."…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Victimization in Fifth Grade and Health in Tenth Grade

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children who experience bullying, a type of peer victimization, show worse mental and physical health cross-sectionally. Few studies have assessed these relationships longitudinally. We examined longitudinal associations of bullying with mental and physical health from elementary to high school, comparing effects of different bullying histories. METHODS: We analyzed data from 4297 children surveyed at 3 time points (fifth, seventh, and tenth grades) in 3 cities. We used multivariable regressions to test longitudinal associations of bullying with mental and physical health by comparing youth who experienced bullying in both the past and present, experienced bullying in the present only, experienced bullying in the past only, or did not experience bullying. RESULTS: Bullying was associated with worse mental and physical health, greater depression symptoms, and lower self-worth over time. Health was significantly worse for children with both past and present bullying experiences, followed by children with present-only experiences, children with past-only experiences, and children with no experiences. For example, 44.6% of children bullied in both the past and present were at the lowest decile of psychosocial health, compared with 30.7% of those bullied in the present only (P = .005), 12.1% of those bullied in the past only (P < .001), and 6.5% of those who had not been bullied (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Both chronic and current bullying are associated with substantially worse health. Clinicians who recognize bullying when it first starts could intervene to reverse the downward health trajectory experienced by youth who are repeated targets.

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“…For instance, students use homophobic epithets and engage in homophobic behavior to intensify the effects of their aggressive behavior (Rivers, 2001;Russell, Sinclair, Poteat, & Koenig, 2012). We expect that the generally aggressive behavior of peers (i.e., aggressive behavior not explicitly homophobic in nature and directed toward any youth regardless of their actual or assumed sexual orientation) will also contribute to individuals' own level of homophobic behavior.…”

Section: Contextual Effects Of Peer Attitudes and Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the association between these variables at the individual level was expected (Phoenix et al, 2003;Poteat et al, 2012;Rivers, 2001;Russell et al, 2012), it is important to recognize and account for the multiple roles that individuals can adopt during bullying episodes (Rivers, 2012;Salmivalli, 2010). In addition to being the primary aggressor in certain instances of harassment, students in more aggressive peer groups may have also engaged in homophobic behavior when other aggressive members of their peer group took on this primary role.…”

Section: Peer Contextual Effects On Individual Homophobic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Peers in Predicting Students' Homophobic Behavior: Effects of Peer Aggression, Prejudice, and Sexual Orientation Identity Importance

Poteat

Rivers

Vecho

2015

School Psychology Review

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Drawing from an ecological framework, there has been growing attention to the role of peers in accounting for adolescents' homophobic behavior. In this study, we considered whether individuals' homophobic behavior could be attributed to their peers' collective levels of aggression, sexual prejudice, and importance placed on their sexual orientation identity among 437 high school students (89% white; 61% female; Mage = 15.72 years) in 62 peer groups identified through social network analysis. Using multilevel modeling, we found that individuals in more homophobic and aggressive peer groups engaged in even more homophobic behavior than accounted for based solely on their own individual prejudice attitudes and aggressive behavior. Furthermore, individuals' sexual prejudice was a stronger predictor of their engagement in homophobic behavior for those in groups whose peers collectively placed greater importance on sexual orientation identity and were more aggressive. These findings begin to provide a fuller sense of how individual and peer attributes combine and interact in ways that account for individuals' engagement in homophobic behavior.

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Adolescent Health and Harassment Based on Discriminatory Bias

Cited by 324 publications

References 8 publications

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Peer Victimization in Fifth Grade and Health in Tenth Grade

The Role of Peers in Predicting Students' Homophobic Behavior: Effects of Peer Aggression, Prejudice, and Sexual Orientation Identity Importance

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