Adolescent Dating and HIV Perceptions: A Phenomenological Study in N’Djamena, Chad

Abstract

Introduction: The study focuses on understanding the complex interplay between dating behaviors and HIV perceptions among adolescents and young people (ages 15-24 years) in Chad. As adolescents and young people are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, this research aims to uncover how cultural and social influences shape young people’s attitudes towards dating and HIV prevention. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform targeted, culturally sensitive HIV prevention strategies for the youth in Chad. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted, using 4 focus group discussions (n=12 each) with high school students in N’Djamena, Chad. Participants were divided into beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups based on their exposure to a peer education program about HIV. Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti software and the descriptive Colaizzi method, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of participants’ perspectives. Results: Findings revealed significant gender differences in dating motivations and partner selection criteria. While males primarily viewed dating as a means to fulfill sexual desires, females often sought emotional connection and companionship. There was a general lack of awareness about PrEP, with more emphasis on condom use for pregnancy prevention rather than HIV or STI protection. Gender roles played a substantial part in decisions regarding safe sex practices, with a notable discrepancy in shared versus individual responsibility. Additionally, risk behaviors like alcohol use and multiple partnerships were identified as prevalent among youth. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for gender-sensitive educational interventions focusing on the realities of adolescent sexual behavior in Chad. It underscores the disparity in HIV knowledge and prevention awareness among adolescents, pointing out the absence of awareness about PrEP. Future research should emphasize developing HIV prevention strategies that resonate with the unique cultural and social dynamics of Chadian youth, considering their specific dating behaviors and perceptions towards HIV.