Adolescent Crash Rates and School Start Times in Two Central Virginia Counties, 2009-2011: A Follow-up Study to a Southeastern Virginia Study, 2007-2008

Vorona, Robert Daniel; Szklo-Coxe, Mariana; Lamichhane, Rajan; Ware, J. Catesby; McNallen, Ann; Leszczyszyn, David J.

doi:10.5664/jcsm.4192

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The group went on to perform similar analyses for 2 adjacent counties in central Virginia with different school start times . During the 2009‐2010 school year, crash rates among 16‐ to 18‐year‐olds were higher (p < .05) in the county with the earlier school start times . The following year, crash rates among 16‐ to 17‐year‐olds were higher (p < .05) in the same county, but the difference was not statistically significant when 18‐year‐olds were included in comparison (p = 0.09) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

Wheaton

Chapman

Croft

2016

Journal of School Health

232

177

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BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep in adolescents has been shown to be associated with a wide variety of adverse outcomes, from poor mental and physical health to behavioral problems and lower academic grades. However, most high school students do not get sufficient sleep. Delaying school start times for adolescents has been proposed as a policy change to address insufficient sleep in this population and potentially to improve students’ academic performance, reduce engagement in risk behaviors, and improve health. METHODS This paper reviews 38 reports examining the association between school start times, sleep, and other outcomes among adolescent students. RESULTS Most studies reviewed provide evidence that delaying school start time increases weeknight sleep duration among adolescents, primarily by delaying rise times. Most of the studies saw a significant increase in sleep duration even with relatively small delays in start times of half an hour or so. Later start times also generally correspond to improved attendance, less tardiness, less falling asleep in class, better grades, and fewer motor vehicle crashes. CONCLUSIONS Although additional research is necessary, research results that are already available should be disseminated to stakeholders to enable the development of evidence-based school policies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

Wheaton

Chapman

Croft

2016

Journal of School Health

232

177

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“…When school start times are delayed, sleep is increased, enrollment rates and attendance improve, students sleep less in class, and symptoms of depressed mood are reduced 77 , and automobile crash rates in teen drivers are lower 78798081 .…”

Section: Insufficient Sleep and Behavioral Problems In Teensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in adolescence: Physiology, cognition and mental health

Tarokh

Saletin

Carskadon

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

354

227

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Sleep is a core behavior of adolescents, consuming up to a third or more of each day. As part of this special issue on the adolescent brain, we review changes to sleep behaviors and sleep physiology during adolescence with a particular focus on the sleeping brain. We posit that brain activity during sleep may provide a unique window onto adolescent cortical maturation and compliment waking measures. In addition, we review how sleep actively supports waking cognitive functioning in adolescence. Though this review is focused on sleep in healthy adolescents, the striking comorbidity of sleep disruption with nearly all psychiatric and developmental disorders (for reviews see 1,2) further highlights the importance of understanding the determinants and consequences of adolescent sleep for the developing brain. Figure 1 illustrates the overarching themes of our review, linking brain development, sleep development, and behavioral outcomes.

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“…In prospective cohort studies as well as simulated driving environments, poor sleep quality is associated with sleepiness at the wheel and significantly increases the risk of automobile accidents in adolescents (Garner et al, 2015; Martiniuk et al, 2013; Pizza et al, 2010). Of note, jurisdictions with earlier high school start times have reported higher adolescent motor vehicle crash rates—potentially due to insufficient sleep (Vorona et al, 2014). …”

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confidence: 99%

PROMIS Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment in Adolescents

2017

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Background The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has self-reported health measures available for both pediatric and adult populations, but no pediatric measures are available currently in the sleep domains. Objective The purpose of this observational study was to perform preliminary validation studies on age-appropriate, self-reported sleep measures in healthy adolescents. Methods This study examined 25 healthy adolescents’ self-reported daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, and sleep patterns. Healthy adolescents completed a physical exam at the NIH Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD), had no chronic medical conditions, and were not taking any chronic medications. The Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire (CASQ), PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (v. 1.0; 8a), and PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment (v. 1.0; 8b) questionnaires were completed, and sleep patterns were assessed using actigraphy. Results Total scores on the three sleep questionnaires were correlated (all Spearman’s r > .70, p < .001). Total sleep time determined by actigraphy was negatively correlated with the CASQ (p ≤ .02), PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (p ≤ .02) and PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment (p ≤ .02). Discussion The field of pediatric sleep is rapidly expanding, and researchers and clinicians will benefit from well-designed, psychometrically sound, sleep questionnaires. Findings suggest the potential research and clinical utility of adult versions of PROMIS sleep measures in adolescents. Future studies should include larger, more diverse samples, and explore additional psychometric properties of PROMIS sleep measures to provide age-appropriate, validated, and reliable measures of sleep in adolescents.

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Adolescent Crash Rates and School Start Times in Two Central Virginia Counties, 2009-2011: A Follow-up Study to a Southeastern Virginia Study, 2007-2008

Abstract: Higher teen crash rates occurred in jurisdictions with EHSST, as in our prior study. This study contributes to and extends existing data on preventable teen crashes and high school start times.

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

School Start Times, Sleep, Behavioral, Health, and Academic Outcomes: A Review of the Literature

Sleep in adolescence: Physiology, cognition and mental health

PROMIS Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment in Adolescents

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