Adolescent breast masses

Stone, Alex; Shenker, I. Ronald; McCarthy, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/0002-9610(77)90362-2

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Apart from one report (3), there is general agreement that fibroadenoma is not a risk factor for breast cancer and no proven link has been shown between any type of fibroadenoma and carcinoma. Indeed there is evidence that there may be eventual regression in 10% of the cases (2,20); this supports the authors who recommend a conservative approach in breast masses by waiting for several cycles or until adulthood (1,16).…”

Section: Oiscussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Female Breast Masses During Childhood: A 25-Year Review

et al. 1998

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Thirty females were treated at our unit with the diagnosis of breast mass between 1970 and 1995. Twenty-seven girls had surgical intervention; for fibroadenoma (n = 14), cystosarcoma phylloides (n = 5), fibrocystic disease (n = 4), intraductal papilloma (n = 2), metastatic carcinoma (n = 1) and fat necrosis (n = 1), while three patients with fibroadenoma were managed nonoperatively. Surgical complications included a nipple slough and hematoma requiring surgical drainage in two patients after the excision of giant fibroadenomas. Our experience revealed that most of the breast masses can be handled operatively through a circumareolar incision without any major complications. Protection of the developing breast bud, nipple and areola is as important as the appropriate excision of the lesion. A detailed physical examination accompanied with ultrasound scan is sufficient for the correct diagnosis in most cases. Female adolescents presenting with fibroadenoma, fibrocystic disease and cystosarcoma phylloides should undergo surgery after a reasonable observation period of 3-4 menstrual cycles. Excision of discrete, undiagnosed breast masses is warranted. This is indicated first to define the pathology and rule out the rare malignancy, second to obviate enlargement and asymmetry, and third to allay the apprehension of the child and family.

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Section: Oiscussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Female Breast Masses During Childhood: A 25-Year Review

et al. 1998

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“…It probably develops de novo from breast tissue and is characterized by exuberant stromal cellularity. Although rare in adolescents, it is the most common malignant breast mass in this age group (4,23,28). At US, phyllodes tumors are described as well-defined oval or lobulated masses with a smooth margin and may contain fluid-filled cysts or clefts (7,29,30).…”

Section: Primary Malignant Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Breast US in Children and Adolescents

García

Espinoza²,

Dinamarca³

et al. 2000

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131

115

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Ultrasonography (US) is of value in the evaluation and characterization of breast masses in children. Most masses represent either normal breast tissue, cysts, or fibroadenomas. Premature thelarche may be unilateral, and normal breast tissue is found at US. Cysts are commonly retroareolar; when they become infected, they appear sonographically as a complex mass. Fibroadenoma is the most frequent breast tumor in adolescent girls, and it is usually solitary, homogeneous, and hypoechoic. Malignant breast lesions are very rare in children; most are due to metastatic disease secondary to rhabdomyosarcoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma, and their US appearance is nonspecific. Gynecomastia in boys can be mimicked by general obesity and pectoral hypertrophy; US is helpful in the diagnosis, especially when gynecomastia is asymmetric. Most breast lesions in children and adolescents are benign, and surgery should be avoided to prevent later deformity. US is the ideal imaging modality to evaluate breast lesions and may be used to guide a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Color Doppler US evaluation is helpful; cysts are avascular, fibroadenomas may be avascular or hypovascular, and abscesses show peripheral increased flow. Bloody nipple discharge is more common in prepubertal patients, may occur in infants, and may be secondary to mammary ductal ectasia. Discharge commonly resolves spontaneously, and findings at US are frequently normal.

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“…Fibroadenoma is the most common breast tumor in adolescent females, noted in 70% to 95% of breast biopsies in this age group; it is the most common cause of a solid breast mass in females from puberty to age 30 (1,2,4,9,14,22,(37)(38)(39)(40). In Stone's classic series of 165 youth between ages 11 and 20 years, 72% had a fibroadenoma in contrast to 12% with hyperplasia, 7% with an abscess, 6% with breast cystic disease, and 3% with intraductal papilloma (41). In Hein's review of 95 adolescents, 75% with biopsies had a fibroadenoma, in c:ontrast to 12% with an abscess, 10% with cystic disease, 2% with a lipoma, and 2% with cystosarcoma phyllodes ( 42).…”

Section: Fibroadenomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Greydanus

Parks

Farrell

1989

Pediatric Clinics of North America

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Concerns about problems of the breast are often noted in adolescents and their parents. This review discusses issues and disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, starting with basic principles of embryology and adolescent breast development. Concepts that are covered include congenital breast disorders, abnormal timing of breast development, breast asymmetry, underdeveloped breasts, breast atrophy, tuberous breasts, mammary hyperplasia, fibroadenoma, giant fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phyllodes, intraductal breast papilloma, adenocarcinoma, mastitis, traumatic breast disorders, benign breast disease, fibrocystic change, mastalgia, gynocomastia, and galactorrhea. A number of figures are provided illustrating breast pathology. Clinicians caring for children and adolescents are encouraged to provide careful assessments of this important organ system.

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Adolescent breast masses

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Female Breast Masses During Childhood: A 25-Year Review

Female Breast Masses During Childhood: A 25-Year Review

Breast US in Children and Adolescents

Breast Disorders in Children and Adolescents

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