Adolescence and breast carcinoma risk

Berkey, Catherine S.; Frazier, A. Lindsay; Gardner, Jane; Colditz, Graham A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990601)85:11<2400::aid-cncr15>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 201 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…We did not find a relationship between any level of BMI at age 20 years and risk, but few women reported having been obese or even overweight at that age. The modest evidence of an inverse association between body fatness at age 10 years and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women in our data is consistent with other reports (Berkey et al, 1999;Swerdlow et al, 2002;Okasha et al, 2003;Ahlgren et al, 2004;De Stavola et al, 2004;Weiderpass et al, 2004), as is the suggested protective effect of obesity at diagnosis (IARC, 2002). Although body fatness in childhood and early adulthood has been proposed to influence breast carcinogenesis via anovulatory-related progesterone deficiency, decelerated adolescent growth and oestrogen-induced breast epithelial differentiation (Berkey et al, 1999;Cabanes et al, 2004;Magnusson and Roddam, 2005), there is no direct evidence to support these mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Body fatness and physical activity at young ages and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women

et al. 2005

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We examined the relationship between body fatness, sports participation and breast cancer risk in 1560 premenopausal cases and 1548 controls, from three related population-based case -control studies in the UK. Half of the women with breast cancer were aged less than 36 years at diagnosis. Women who perceived themselves as plump at age 10 years had a relative risk of 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.69 -0.99, P ¼ 0.03) as compared with those who perceived themselves as thin. Self-reported obesity compared with leanness at diagnosis was associated with a relative risk of 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.56 -1.06, P ¼ 0.11). Women who reported having been plump at age 10 years and overweight or obese at diagnosis had a relative risk of 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.56 -1.01, P ¼ 0.06) as compared with those who reported being thin at age 10 years and at diagnosis. Findings for three related measures of body fatness suggested that obesity is associated with a reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer. There was no association between sports participation and breast cancer risk in these premenopausal women. The relative risk for spending an average of more than 1 h per week in sports compared with less from ages 12 to 30 years was 1.00 (95% CI 0.86 -1.16, P ¼ 0.98).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Body fatness and physical activity at young ages and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women

et al. 2005

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“…Earlier age at menarche has also been associated with several reproductive and cardiovascular-related disease outcomes, such as breast cancer [28][29][30][31] and ischaemic heart disease [32]. In Europe, age at menarche has decreased steadily since the nineteenth century by up to 12 months per decade [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Association between age at menarche and risk of diabetes in adults: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

et al. 2008

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Aims/hypothesis Earlier age at menarche is associated with increased BMI and obesity risk from early childhood through to adulthood. We hypothesised that earlier age at menarche would also predict subsequent diabetes risk. Methods This was a population-based prospective cohort study of 13,308 women, who were aged 40 to 75 years between 1993 and 1997 and participating in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). We used data on age at menarche and ascertained diabetes incidence to 2005. Results There were 734 cases of diabetes (363 incident and 371 prevalent cases). Mean age at menarche was lower in women with diabetes than in non-diabetic women (12.8 vs 13.0 years, p=0.008). Compared with the earliest quintile (menarche at 8-11 years), women in the oldest quintile (menarche at 15-18 years) had lower BMI (25.5 vs 27.4 kg/m 2 , p<0.0001) and a reduced risk of diabetes (OR 0.66 [95% CI 0.51-0.86] adjusted for age, family history, physical activity, smoking, occupational social class, parity and use of hormonal preparations). The association between age at menarche and diabetes was linear (adjusted OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.96] per 1 year later menarche) and appeared to be completely mediated by adult BMI or waist circumference , further adjusted for BMI at age 40-75 years). Conclusions/interpretation Earlier age at menarche increases the risk of diabetes in women and this association appears to be mediated by increased adiposity. History of earlier menarche may help to identify women with increased subsequent risk of diabetes.

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“…More limited data suggest that this inverse association extends into earlier adolescence (ages 9-14 years) as well for premenopausal (8,10,12,(18)(19)(20) and postmenopausal (8,10,18,19,21,22) breast cancer risk, although there are a few exceptions (17,23). Early life obesity may also be modified by a family history of breast cancer (21,24,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Weight at Age 12 and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Bardia¹,

Vachon²,

Olson³

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Early adolescent weight may affect the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and this association may be modified by a family history of breast or ovarian cancer in a first-degree relative, and/or estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status of the disease. Methods: Relative weight at age 12 years (above, below, or average weight compared with peers) and family history were ascertained using a mailed questionnaire in 1986, in the Iowa Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women. Incident breast cancer cases (including ER and PR status) were identified using the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, and were adjusted for breast cancer risk factors, including body mass index at age 18 years and body mass index at study baseline.

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Adolescence and breast carcinoma risk

Cited by 201 publications

References 34 publications

Body fatness and physical activity at young ages and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women

Body fatness and physical activity at young ages and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women

Association between age at menarche and risk of diabetes in adults: results from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

Relative Weight at Age 12 and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

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