“…Thus, this Research Topic presents a series of research works on population-specific variation in human diseases ( Al Madhoun et al, 2022 ; Cullina et al, 2023 ; James et al, 2023 ; Sezgin and Kaplan, 2022 ). The complementary Research Topic in Frontiers in Genetics named “High-throughput Sequencing-based Investigation of Chronic Disease Markers and Mechanisms, Volume II” ( https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/53085/high-throughput-sequencing-based-investigation-of-chronic-disease-markers-and-mechanisms-volume-ii ) continues the collection of articles on the markers of human diseases ( Orlov et al, 2022 ).…”