“…The explanations put forth are the common-sense, one-way causality theory (Grusky, 1963) (leaders do matter), the ritual scapegoating, no-way causality theory (Gamson & Scotch, 1964) (leaders do not matter), and the vicious-circle, two-way causality theory (Grusky, 1960(Grusky, , 1961 (leaders do matter). While this debate has been important in developing our understanding of the impact of leader succession on performance, we believe that it is time to ask a different question: When does leader succession have a positive impact, no impact, or a negative impact on performance?…”