“…Labor unions are institutions designed to organize workers and to build a culture of solidarity within the workplace (Fossom, 2006;Gray, 1975). As they mature and became more complex, labor unions consist of members who expect services, and of employees and elected officers to provide those services (Clark, 1989(Clark, , 1992Clark, Gray & Whitehead, 2012;Fossom, 2006;Rau, 2012). Some union officials are professional staff (Clark & Gray, 2008: Clark et al 2012) and others are in positions of leadership as managers or executives (Clark, 1989(Clark, , 1992Clark, Gilbert, Gray & Solomon, 1998;Margolis, 2011;Rau, 2012, Weil, 1994.…”