Administrative Evidence from Hacinebi Tepe : an Essay on the Local and the Colonial

Pittman, Holly

doi:10.3406/paleo.1999.986

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The Uruk administrative technology of cylinder seal use coexists with, but is separate from, the local stamp seals and sealings (Figure 4) (Pittman 1999). Unused sealing clays are found in both Uruk and local contexts, confirming that each group monitored the movement of commodities.…”

Section: Hacinebi As Trade Diasporamentioning

confidence: 94%

From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction

Stein

2002

American Anthropologist

150

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Traditional archaeological approaches to interregional interaction or culture contact have relied on unidirectional, Eurocentric interpretive frameworks such as the world systems and acculturation models. More recently, researchers from diverse fields such as prehistoric archaeology, the archaeology of ancient literate societies, and historical archaeology have begun to develop a new perspective on interregional interaction. Problems with these more traditional approaches to the archaeology of interregional interaction are summarized, and the main elements are outlined for a new research perspective to study culture contact. A set of methods are suggested to translate this theoretical framework into effective field research. Finally, the expansion of Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium B.C. Uruk period is presented as a case study to illustrate some of the ways that models derived from this emerging perspective can be used to better understand interregional interaction in the world's earliest known colonial system. [Keywords: interregional interaction, culture contact, colonies, trade diasporas, Mesopotamia]

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Section: Hacinebi As Trade Diasporamentioning

confidence: 94%

From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction

Stein

2002

American Anthropologist

150

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“…163-166). Further west, seals and sealings also have been found in smaller sites on the Euphrates such as Hacinebi (Pittman 1999) and from a slightly later time, Arslantepe (Frangipane 2007a). The designs themselves often show a naturalistic style most often associated with later cylinder seals of southern Mesopotamian design.…”

Section: Indigenous Urbanism and Conflict In Lc3-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycles of Civilization in Northern Mesopotamia, 4400–2000 BC

2010

J Archaeol Res

194

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Abstract:The intensification of fieldwork in northern Mesopotamia, the upper region of the TigrisEuphrates basin, has revealed two cycles of expansion and reduction in social complexity between 4400-2000 BC. These cycles include developments in social inequality, political centralization, craft production and economic specialization, agropastoral land use, and urbanization. Contrary to earlier assessments, many of these developments proceeded independently from the polities in southern Mesopotamia, although not in isolation. This review considers recent data from excavations and surveys in northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, and southeastern Turkey with particular attention to how they are used to construct models of early urban polities.Key words: Mesopotamia, complex society, urbanism, collapse 1 IntroductionOver a span of more than two millennia, northern Mesopotamia witnessed the emergence of urban complex society, its collapse and rebirth, and a further episode of collapse. This time span (ca. 4400-2000 BC) has been intensively studied by archaeologists over the last two decades, largely because of twin push (the closure of Iraq to foreign archaeology) and pull (salvage campaigns in advance of dam projects) forces. As a result, what was once considered to be the periphery of early urbanism and state formation in southern Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) has emerged as a region of interest in its own right. In many ways we now have a superior understanding of major social developments in the north (e.g., urbanism, craft production, agricultural and pastoral organization, the development of the landscape) than we do for the south, and improvements in chronology have revealed that many aspects of social complexity that were once assumed to have been imported from southern Mesopotamia have earlier and entirely indigenous origins.This review describes the development of social complexity from 4400 BC to the collapse of urban society at the end of the 3rd millennium BC in northern (or upper) Mesopotamia, defined here as the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys and the plains and steppe between them that fall today in northern Iraq, northern Syria, and southeastern Turkey (Fig. 1).Much archaeological research in the region, and in the Near East in general, adopts a culture historical approach that emphasizes typology and the development of sequences of material culture; here the emphasis is on anthropologically oriented research published since 1990.Geographically, the focus is on the river valleys and alluvial plains of Syria, and particularly the Upper Khabur basin of Hassake province. Occasionally I refer to sites beyond northern Mesopotamia proper when they are relevant to the discussion, particularly the western Syrian 2 cities of Ebla and Umm al-Marra; the important Syrian city of Mari, on the Euphrates near the Iraqi border, is largely southern Mesopotamian in orientation and will be not be discussed (although see Margueron 2004).In Mesopotamian archaeology generally, social complexity is described throug...

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“…16 for sample of images). A distinctive attenuated human figure with curled-toe boots appears to be an Anatolian motif, also appearing at Hacinebi (Pittman 1999).…”

Section: Late Chalcolithic Sealingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Excavations at Tell Brak 2006–2007

McMahon¹,

Oates²,

Al-Quntar³

et al. 2007

Iraq

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Excavations at Tell Brak in 2006–7 explored two key episodes in Mesopotamian political and social history, developing early social complexity in the fifth to fourth millennia BC and the shift from territorial state to early empire in the second millennium BC. Late Chalcolithic complexity is represented in Area TW on the main mound and at the outlying sub-mound of Tell Majnuna, while investigation of the Old Babylonian to Mitanni state-to-empire transition involved excavation in Areas HH and HN (Fig. 1). Both sets of excavations tie into our exploration of larger issues of the creation and maturation of past urban landscapes, for which Tell Brak provides a great depth of data.We would like once again to express our warmest gratitude to Dr Bassam Jamous, Director General of Antiquities and Museums, to Dr Michel Al-Maqdissi, Director of Excavations, to all their staff in Damascus, and to Sd Abdul Messih Baghdo, Director of the Antiquities Office in Hasseke, for their constant and friendly support. Financial support for the excavations was generously provided by the British School of Archaeology in Iraq, the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, the National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration (2006), the Society of Antiquaries of London (2007), Newnham College, Cambridge and the University of Cambridge. We are extremely grateful to all those who have made this research possible.

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Administrative Evidence from Hacinebi Tepe : an Essay on the Local and the Colonial

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction

From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction

Cycles of Civilization in Northern Mesopotamia, 4400–2000 BC

Excavations at Tell Brak 2006–2007

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