“…Intrusive authority is the controlling behavior with four items and the most significant presence in the CMS-W-11. In public work organizations, leaders may be unwilling to take risks in their decisions and show little trust in their employees [ 179 , 180 ]. Consequently, leaders tend to limit their employees' participation to following orders rather than thinking for themselves, undermining autonomous motivation and effective task performance, such as in public settings [ 40 , 181 ].…”