Over 78,000 new CNS tumors are diagnosed each year in the United States, nearly one-third of which are primary malignant brain tumors, 1 and the US prevalence of primary brain tumors is approximately 688,000. 2 While primary CNS neoplasms represent only 1.4% of new cancer diagnoses, approximately 2.7% of cancer deaths are related to CNS neoplasms, 3 and it is estimated that 16,947 deaths will result from primary CNS tumors in 2017. 1 Population-based studies have shown that socioeconomic disparities are present within the neuro-oncology community, 4-7 highlighting the need for a unified system of quality metrics in this growing field. Toward this end, several authors have published work on quality-based practice and on the inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in brain tumor care. 8-12 During the launch of American Academy of Neurology (AAN)'s Axon Registry ® , the AAN requested that subspecialty societies identify gaps in subspecialty care amenable to clinical quality measure development, and work to identify ways the AAN could help meet those needs. Thereafter, the AAN and the Society for Neuro-oncology (SNO) identified a small work group to determine neuro-oncologic gaps in care, to evaluate supporting evidence for clinical practice standards, and to develop feasible clinical quality measures to address these areas. The hope is that these measures will help drive clinical practice improvement and better patient outcomes. Opportunities for improvement Following a thorough literature search, the work group identified 5 areas in need of quality improvement. The specific topics and rationale for each are described below. Multidisciplinary care plan development Multidisciplinary tumor board discussions for care plan determination have been associated with improved quality and coordination of care in various cancers, and are a well-established quality indicator in oncology care, both domestically and internationally. 8,13-15 Indeed, establishment of a regularly meeting tumor board with input from neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, neuroradiology, and neuropathology has been cited as a necessary component for establishing a brain tumor center. 16 One study of brain tumor board discussions revealed that 91% of 1,516 clinical recommendations were implemented, and that nearly half of those were recommendations for conservative management, demonstrating the utility of multidisciplinary input in neuro-oncology cases and in optimizing patient-centered outcomes. 15 Another study showed that patients treated by physicians who attend weekly tumor boards are significantly more likely to be enrolled in clinical trials for various cancers, and