Administration of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract decreases TNF- and #945; and IL-6 expressions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats

Ruslie, Riska Habriel; Darmadi, Darmadi

doi:10.5455/javar.2020.g476

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…IL 6 levels were reduced equally by neem extract and amoxicillin with p value less than 0.001.Role of neem leaf extracts as anti-inflammatory agent and on decreased production of IL 6 has been well supported in literature 15,16 In a previous study we found the same effects of neem bark extract on levels of IL6 with less sample size. 17 However, more investigations with IL 6 mRNA expression from inflamed gingival tissue and from GCF sample at different sampling time are required.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

IL 6 levels in Periodontitis Induced Rabbits after Treatment with Neem Bark Extract

Nazish¹,

Nawaz²,

Shmakh³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Background: IL-6 has crucial role in the response to microbial insults. It acts as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory agent. Hence IL 6 is an important inflammatory marker of periodontal disease. Levels of IL6 in Gingival crevicular fluid strongly indicate presence of periodontal disease which ultimately results in many health hazards. Aims: To measure levels of IL 6 in periodontitis induced rabbits after treating animals with neem bark extract and amoxicillin at doses of 500mg/kg and 20mg/kg and to see anti-inflammatory effects of neem bark extract. Methods: Forty eight white New Zealand rabbits were divided in four groups A, B, C and D. Group A was healthy control. Group B was disease group. Group C was neem treated. Group D was amoxicillin treated. Periodontitis was induced and rabbits were given treatment with neem bark extract and amoxicillin for 10 days. Samples were obtained with the help of periopaper absorbent strip and marginal auricular vein and analyzed in laboratory. ELISA test was performed to find levels of IL 6 in all four groups. Practical implication: To gain the evidence that neem can be used in maintenance of oral hygiene and prevention of oral diseases. Results: Treatment with neem bark extract and amoxicillin equally reduced IL 6 levels among group c and D after treatment (0.033±0.003) in gingival crevicular fluid when compared with diseased group B (0.089±0.007).P value was less than 0.001. Conclusion: Neem bark extract has significant effects on reduction of IL 6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis induced rabbits Neem bark extract possess anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial action. Keywords: IL6, Periodontitis, GCF, Inflammation, Neem

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

IL 6 levels in Periodontitis Induced Rabbits after Treatment with Neem Bark Extract

Nazish¹,

Nawaz²,

Shmakh³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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“…TAMs are involved in DNA damage and cancer-related inflammation, through the release of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α [34]. The release of cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, by TAMs may affect tumor cell invasion and stromal cells [35], [36], [37]. Tumor histological grade might be considered to be corelated with TAMs functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between CD 163 Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Colorectal-Cancer Stem Cell Markers

Rey

Putra

Lindarto

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Colorectal-cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) represent a specific subpopulation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which are characterized by the expression of CD133 and CD166. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), found near CSCs may represent polarized macrophages, which are characterized by CD163 expression. In most tumors, TAMs may promote aggressive tumor development, leading to poor prognoses. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether any association exists between CD163 expression in TAMs and CD133 and CD166 expression in CR-CSCs. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design that was conducted at the General Hospital and affiliates in Medan, from September 2018 to July 2019. CRC tissues were collected from colonoscopy biopsies and surgical resections performed on CRC patients, who fulfilled all necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria and provided informed consent. Subjects were divided into high- and low-CD163-level groups. We analyzed the expression levels of CD163, CD133, and CD166 using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. RESULTS: A total of 118 CRC patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 58.5% were male. No significant differences in hemoglobin, leukocyte, or platelet levels were observed between high- and low-level CD163 expression. We didn’t find any significant association of CD163 TAM with CRC histological grade and TNM stagings. Significant associations were found between the CD 163 expression level and the CD133 expression level (p < 0.001) and between the CD 163 expression level and the CD166 expression level (p< 0.001). Increased TAM levels of CD163 was associated with 2.770-fold and 2.616-fold increased risks of elevated CD133 and CD166 levels, respectively. CONCLUSION: An association was found between the expression levels of CD163 in TAMs and the expression levels of CD133 and CD166 in CR-CSCs.

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“…Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, and TNF-β are downregulated [4]. The combination results in inappropriate immune response of IBD [4], [7], [11], [12]. Inflammation itself leads to impaired intestinal epithelial barrier and further exposure of antigen which triggers chronicity [6].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Siregar

Darmadi²,

Ruslie

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the intestine due to interaction between inappropriate immune response and environmental factors. It consists of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The incidence of IBD is increasing globally and disrupts patient’s quality of life and causes heavy economic burden. Several risk factors are involved in IBD including genetic, environment, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. Antigen enters host’s gastrointestinal tract and triggers an immune reaction. In subject with IBD, the immune reaction is hyperactive. Some conditions such as intestinal barrier disintegration, gut microorganism imbalance, molecular mimicry, and abnormal autophagy trigger chronic inflammation and end with IBD. Genetic predisposition plays a central role in IBD. NOD2, IL23R, and ATG16L1 have the most significant association with IBD. With the presence of epigenetic mechanisms, patients with genetic predispositions have higher probability for suffering from IBD. The most common epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IBD are DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. The epigenetic mechanisms lead to changes in T-cell activity, cytokine production, intestinal epithelial integrity, autophagy activity, and innate immunity response. All of those cause chronic inflammation as the main characteristic of IBD. Genetic aspect can be a promising approach in managing IBD. The field of genetic may be applied in diagnosing, treating, and predicting disease outcomes. However, this topic still needs further investigations.

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Administration of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract decreases TNF- and #945; and IL-6 expressions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

IL 6 levels in Periodontitis Induced Rabbits after Treatment with Neem Bark Extract

IL 6 levels in Periodontitis Induced Rabbits after Treatment with Neem Bark Extract

Relationship between CD 163 Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Colorectal-Cancer Stem Cell Markers

The Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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