Administration of Esmolol in Microlaryngeal Surgery for Blunting the Hemodynamic Response during Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation in Cigarette Smokers

Abstract

We conclude that esmolol administration of 2 mg/kg during induction of anesthesia in smokers provides hemodynamic stability after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with no severe side effects.

Dexmedetomidine versus esmolol to attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind clinical study

“…[3] Esmolol is an ultra-short-acting, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist;[4] with proven efficacy to provide hemodynamic stability during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without severe side-effects. [5] In contrast to this, there have been a very few reports on the effects of dexmedetomidine.…”

A randomised controlled trial of dexmedetomidine for suspension laryngoscopy

“…Suspension laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia can cause marked increases in heart rate and blood pressure. The ability of adjuvant drugs to limit these changes has been assessed, including selective β1‐adrenergic antagonists‐blockers [1], calcium channel blockers [2], local anaesthetics and glucocorticoids [3]. These adjuvant drugs therefore reduce the utility of haemodynamic variables to indicate whether patients are adequately anaesthetised [4, 5].…”

Efficacy and safety of intravenous esmolol for cardiac protection in non-cardiac surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The secondary outcomes were clinically significant bradycardia and/or hypotension, bronchospasm, stroke, neurologic sequelae, serious infection/sepsis, and all-cause mortality. Although our primary focus was the effect of esmolol on postoperative outcomes, based on preliminary searches, we expected a small number of eligible studies, and thus, decided to include additional studies with only intraoperative follow-up reporting the predefined outcome measures [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”