Adlerian parent education: Changes in parents' attitudes and behaviors, and children's self-esteem

Differences in child rearing attitudes between immigrant Chinese mothers and Anglo-American mothers

“…A higher total score reflects more authoritarian attitudes, and a lower total score reflects less authoritarian attitudes. The scale has a 1-week test-retest reliability of 0.91 (Hinkle et al, 1980).…”

Effects of a parent education program on parents and their preadolescent children

“…Positive effects on children's behavior and self-esteem have also been reported (Berrett, 1975; Gruen, 1978; Hinkle, Arnold, Croake, & Keller, 1980). The most frequent outcome reported is a change toward a more democratic parental attitude (Hinkle et al, 1980; Moore & DeanZubritsky, 1979; Nystul, 1982). Other outcomes include an increase in parental acceptance and trust (McKay & Hillman, 1979; Summerlin & Ward, 1981) and an increase in encouraging behavior toward children (Moore & Dean-Zubritsky, 1979;Nystul, 1982).…”

“…A review of the research on Adlerian and related parent education indicates that it is usually effective in improving parental attitudes (Berrett, 1975; Gruen, 1978; McKay & Hillman, 1979; Moore & Dean-Zubritsky, 1979; Nystul, 1982; Summerlin & Ward, 1981) and behavior (Gruen, 1978; Moore & Dean-Zubritsky, 1979). Positive effects on children's behavior and self-esteem have also been reported (Berrett, 1975; Gruen, 1978; Hinkle, Arnold, Croake, & Keller, 1980). The most frequent outcome reported is a change toward a more democratic parental attitude (Hinkle et al, 1980; Moore & Dean-Zubritsky, 1979; Nystul, 1982).…”

“…Other outcomes include an increase in parental acceptance and trust (McKay & Hillman, 1979; Summerlin & Ward, 1981) and an increase in encouraging behavior toward children (Moore & Dean-Zubritsky, 1979; Nystul, 1982). Many of the studies report that parents felt there were positive changes in their children's behavior (Berrett, 1975; Gruen, 1978; Hinkle et al, 1980). At present, there are a few parent education programs developed specifically for adolescents, including STEP-Teen (Dinkmeyer & McKay, 1983) and the Communication Workshop for Parents of Adolescents (Brownstone & Dye, 1973), but none that focus specifically on preadolescents.…”

Family and Parenting Behaviors Predicting Middle School Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study

“…The latter may well be important for academic success in the middle and high school years, as educational tasks become increasingly complex and challenging. Parental attentiveness has, in fact, been found to be related to adolescents' higher level of ego development (Powers et al, 1983), and to foster preadolescents' self-esteem (Esters & Levant, 1983;Hinkle, Arnold, Croake, & Keller, 1980;Huhn & Zimpfer, 1989) and academic achievement (Esters & Levant, 1983). The absence of attentiveness can be seen in parents who seldom interact with their children, consistently answer in monosyllables, or mainly talk while their children listen.…”