ADL ability characteristics of partially dependent older people: Gender and age differences in ADL ability

Sato, Susumu; Demura, Shinichi; Tanaka, Kiyoji; Kasuga, Kosho; Kobayashi, Hidetsugu

doi:10.1007/bf02897952

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Namely, the ADL ability level and life satisfaction are suggested to be factors that bring about the decline in each other. In previous studies (Demura et al, 2000;Sato et al, 1999Sato et al, , 2001, the ADL ability of independent elderly was reported to decrease with aging. This tendency was also found in this study, and the decrease in the 80s group was extreme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The Relationship and Its Change with Aging between ADL and Daily Life Satisfaction Characteristics in Independent Japanese Elderly Living at Home

Sato

Demura

Kobayashi

et al. 2002

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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The purposes of this study were to examine the characteristics of the relationship between ADL ability and daily life satisfaction and the pattern change with aging in independent Japanese elderly, and to compare these tendencies between males and females. The characteristics of ADL ability and daily life satisfaction of 482 subjects (213 males, 269 females) were investigated in a self-response survey. Seventy-four ADL items, considered from previous studies, were selected from nine ADL domains of 1) movement, 2) going up and down stairs, 3) changing and holding posture, 4) bathing, 5) toileting, 6) dressing, 7) grooming, 8) eating, and 9) manual activities, and nine items of daily life satisfaction were selec ted from physical, psychological and sociological factors. Both ADL ability and life satisfaction of independent elderly tended to decline with aging. From correlation analysis, since life satisfaction of the elderly was higher with high ADL ability level, it was considered that ADL ability level is one of the important factors in providing for life satisfaction of independent elderly. The subjective symptoms of inconvenience in the lower extremity and lumbar region increased from the 70s in both genders, and the use of assisting devices for movement remarkably increased in the 80s in both genders. The use of assisting devices closely related to the activity area in daily life and influenced the characteristics of life satisfaction and its age-related change in the relationship between ADL ability and life satisfaction. The relationship between ADL ability and satisfaction with physical function was similar in both genders, while the relationship between ADL ability and satisfaction with sociological and psychological factors was different between males and females. Since the relationship between ADL ability and life satisfaction of independent elderly is influenced by a combination of personal, cultural, and environmental factors, additional study must investigate in detail the influence of these factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, ADL consists of various activities, such as walking, dressing, eating, bathing, etc., and the pattern change with aging in these ability levels is not consistent among activities (Sato et al, 2001). In addition, the contribution to independent living is also different in each activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship and Its Change with Aging between ADL and Daily Life Satisfaction Characteristics in Independent Japanese Elderly Living at Home

Sato

Demura

Kobayashi

et al. 2002

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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“…The reports in the literature regarding this vary considerably. Sato et al [ 44 ] reported no differences between the sexes with regard to performance for the 568 senior citizens they investigated. In the 90 elderly subjects studied by Bürge et al [ 45 ], the men achieved significantly better performances particularly in the domain of mobility, whereas, by contrast, the women had better results in the domains of hygiene and personal care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Direct Performance Test for Assessing Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Mild Degenerative Dementia: The Development of the ETAM and Preliminary Results

Schmiedeberg-Sohn

Graessel

Luttenberger

2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background: There are currently only a few performance tests that assess the capacity to perform activities of daily living. These measures frequently require a long time to administer, are strongly cognition oriented, or have not been adequately validated. Methods: The Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Mild Dementia (ETAM) was developed in a 4-phase process that was based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). A pilot study was conducted on 30 subjects with mild dementia with a mean age of 80 years. The subjects' mean score on the MMSE was 21.5. Twenty-one of the 30 subjects were women. Results: Ten items were developed and tested in the pilot study. The mean time required to complete the test was 26 min. The item analysis showed difficulties that ranged primarily from r = 0.28 to r = 0.79. The ETAM had a moderate correlation with the MMSE (r_MMSE = 0.310) and a low correlation with the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15; r_GDS-15 = 0.149). Conclusion: The preliminary version of the ETAM is quick and easy to use and has predominantly satisfactory item characteristics. There still is the need to revise the items ‘giving directions' and ‘making tea' with regard to standardisation.

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“…Furthermore, the pattern in which disabilities occur over time within individuals was also examined, and this patter n dep endent on the difficu lty o f performing (Dunlop et al, 1999;Sato et al, 2001). The unidimensional ADL index assesses ADL ability with the hierarchical relationship in the scale (Spector et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of ADL Index for Partially Dependent Older People: Discriminating the Functional Level of an Older Population.

Sato

Demura

Goshi

et al. 2001

J. Physiol. Anthropol.

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In the present study, the ADL index for the partially dependent older people (Demura et al., 1999) was applied to 218 bedridden (BED), 466 partially dependent (PD) and 245 independent living (IL) people in older groups. The purposes of this study were to clarify the meaning of the evaluation of this index and to examine how ADL items are useful in determining each older group. It is suggested that a perfect score with our ADL index means independent living level, and a score of zero means bedridden level. The results of discriminant analysis indicated that four items with low-difficulty, such as "eating," "going to the toilet," "tossing about in bed" and "writing," are useful in determining if the PD is becoming bedridden. While five items with high-difficulty, such as "putting on slacks," "putting on trousers," "standing up from a sitting posture," "going up stairs" and "washing the whole body," are useful in determining if the PD is becoming independent living. Furthermore, it is inferred that the possibility of falling into a bedridden situation increases when the total score is 5 or less, while the functional level is close to independent living when the total score is 13 or more. These findings make clear the m e a n i n g o f t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f o u r A D L i n d e x . Furthermore, the functional level of older population may be screened using evaluation of total and item scores of this ADL index.

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ADL ability characteristics of partially dependent older people: Gender and age differences in ADL ability

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

The Relationship and Its Change with Aging between ADL and Daily Life Satisfaction Characteristics in Independent Japanese Elderly Living at Home

The Relationship and Its Change with Aging between ADL and Daily Life Satisfaction Characteristics in Independent Japanese Elderly Living at Home

A Direct Performance Test for Assessing Activities of Daily Living in Patients with Mild Degenerative Dementia: The Development of the ETAM and Preliminary Results

Utility of ADL Index for Partially Dependent Older People: Discriminating the Functional Level of an Older Population.

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