Adjuvants for New Veterinary Vaccines

East, I.J.; Kerlin, Roy L.; Altmann, Klaus; Watson, D. J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9226-2_1

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…In a second adjuvant experiment, 45 sheep were allocated into nine groups of ®ve and vaccinated with formulations containing 0, 10 or 100 lg of rOvTNF-a with 50 lg of recombinant 45W-GST in: (i) PBS; (ii) Quil A; or (iii) Al(OH) 3 . Figure 4 shows the 45W-speci®c IgG levels in sera collected 2 weeks after the secondary vaccination.…”

Section: Adjuvant Activity Of Rovtnf-amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al(OH) 3 ), the only adjuvants currently approved for human use, are relatively poor immunostimulants. In many cases, the incorporation of these antigens in conventional vaccine formulations generates poor and/or short-lived immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3 The immunostimulatory activities of adjuvants are achieved by their eects on antigen presentation and targeting and their ability to stimulate the production of cytokines. 1,3 The immunostimulatory activities of adjuvants are achieved by their eects on antigen presentation and targeting and their ability to stimulate the production of cytokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional problem is that aluminium salts (i.e. Al(OH) 3 ), the only adjuvants currently approved for human use, are relatively poor immunostimulants. In comparison, other adjuvants available for research and, in some cases, veterinary purposes (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adjuvants can be generally categorized as compounds that enhance the immune response when incorporated in vaccine formulations. 1,3 The immunostimulatory activities of adjuvants are achieved by their eects on antigen presentation and targeting and their ability to stimulate the production of cytokines. Adjuvants with the capacity for immune modulation achieve their activity primarily by modi®cation of cytokine production, probably by direct action upon T cells or macrophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of recombinant ovine IL‐1β and TNF‐α as natural adjuvants and their physiological effects in vivo

Seow

Lightowlers

et al. 1998

Immunol Cell Biol

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In the present study we have investigated the use of recombinant ovine IL-1beta and TNF-alpha both alone and in combination, as natural adjuvants in vaccination trials in sheep. Initial experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological effects of the cytokines in vivo and determine what dose could be administered without adverse pyrogenic effects. Even at the maximum dose tested (100 microg) the only significant physiological effect was a transient increase in body temperature of approximately 2 degrees C in sheep injected with TNF-alpha. Administration of either cytokine had profound effects on the levels of circulating leucocytes for up to 5 days postinjection. The incorporation of either IL-1beta or TNF-alpha in aqueous or Al(OH)3 vaccine formulations enhanced antibody responses to a recombinant antigen from the cestode parasite Taenia ovis. The addition of IL-1beta to aqueous vaccine formulations increased antibody responses 15-20-fold and in Al(OH)3 formulations by three to six fold. TNF-alpha stimulated 1.5 to six-fold and 2.5 to seven-fold increases in antibody levels in aqueous and Al(OH)3-based formulations, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of either cytokine to Quil A or IFA vaccines did not enhance the antibody levels elicited. When 10 microg of both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were incorporated in the aqueous or Al(OH)3 vaccine formulations, increases of 21-fold and 25-fold, respectively, were observed in antibody levels. The adjuvant activity of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in combination in the Al(OH)3-based vaccine resulted in antibody levels commensurate with those obtained using Quil A or IFA.

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Section: Adjuvant Activity Of Rovtnf-amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%