Adjuvants and Antigen-Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Mustafa, Abu Salim

doi:10.3390/vaccines9090972

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Moreover, several subunit vaccines failed to provide preventive and consistent immune actions. For that reason, subunit vaccines need an appropriate adjuvant and delivery system for improved efficiency and selective delivery to immune cells [ 34 ]. In this experiment, we used alum as an adjuvant due to its capabilities, such as increasing antigen uptake to induce robust humoral immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

et al. 2023

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the delta retrovirus family. As a result, a vaccine candidate that can be recognized by B cells and T cells is a good candidate for generating a durable immune response. Further, the GPEHT protein is a multi-epitope protein designed based on the Gag, Pol, Env, Hbz, and Tax proteins of HTLV-1. In developing a suitable and effective vaccine against HTLV-1, the selection of a designed protein (GPEHT) with the formulation of an alum adjuvant was conducted. In this study, we assessed the potential of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate for stimulating the immune response against HTLV-1. In assessing the type of stimulated immune reaction, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a isotypes, as well as the cytokines associated with Th1 (IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4), and Th17 (IL-17), were analyzed. The outcomes showed that the particular antisera (total IgG) were more elevated in mice that received the GPEHT protein with the alum adjuvant than those in the PBS+Alum control. A subcutaneous vaccination with our chimera protein promoted high levels of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes. Additionally, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels were significantly increased after spleen cell stimulation in mice that received the GPEHT protein. The immunogenic analyses revealed that the GPEHT vaccine candidate could generate humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions. Ultimately, this study suggests that GPEHT proteins developed with an alum adjuvant can soon be considered as a prospective vaccine to more accurately evaluate their protective efficacy against HTLV-1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

et al. 2023

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“…He worked on the TB vaccine with various international organizations. [25,[31][32][33] Haque, S., of the College of Nursing, Jazan University, KSA, is ranked second. He worked on evidence-based medicine related to TB and also drug-resistant M tuberculosis.…”

Section: Collaborative Research: Co-authorship Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis research advances and future trends: A bibliometric knowledge mapping approach

Abdelwahab,

Taha,

Albasheer

et al. 2024

Medicine

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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are more vulnerable to many transmissible diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). This study is to identify the scientific publications related to TB in the GCC countries using topic modeling and co-word analysis. A bibliometric analytic study. The R-package, VOSviewer software, IBM SPPS, and Scopus Analytics were used to analyze performance, hotspots, knowledge structure, thematic evolution, trend topics, and inter-gulf and international cooperation on TB in the past 30 years (1993–2022). A total of 1999 publications associated with research on GCC-TB were published. The annual growth rate of documents was 7.76%. Saudi Arabia is the most highly published, followed by the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain. The most-cited GC country is Kingdom Saudi Arabia, followed by Kuwait. One hundred sixty research institutions contributed to the dissemination of TB-related knowledge in the GCC, where the highest publishing organizations were King Saud University (Kingdom Saudi Arabia; n = 518). The number of publications related to TB is high in GCC Countries. The current tendencies indicated that GCC scholars are increasingly focused on deep learning, chest X-ray, molecular docking, comorbid covid-19, risk factors, and Mycobacterium bovis.

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“…The above-mentioned four ESAT6-like proteins were expressed in recombinant forms by cloning their genes in different vectors to express them in various expression systems, i.e., Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium vaccae, and DNA plasmids [38,39]. The antigens expressed in E. coli can be purified as recombinant proteins and used as immunizing agents along with appropriate adjuvants to induce Th1 responses [40][41][42]. DNA plasmids used as vaccine vectors have in-built DNA sequences with strong adjuvant activity to induce the secretion of Th1 cytokines as well as Th1-like humoral immune responses [43].…”

Section: Esat6-like Proteins As Vaccines Formentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest that the type of immune response induced by infection with M. tuberculosis or vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG is protective against asthma. Hence, it is considered important to identify mycobacterial antigens that induce Th1 responses and can prevent both TB and asthma [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Biological Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific ESAT6-Like Proteins and Their Potentials in the Prevention of Tuberculosis and Asthma

Mustafa

2023

Med Princ Pract

Self Cite

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Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 kDa (ESAT6) is a potent immunogenic protein secreted by the bacteria causing tuberculosis, i.e., Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Another highly immunogenic culture filtrate protein whose gene is linked to ESAT6/ESXA is known as CFP10/ESXB. Because of their high immunogenicity and specificity to M. tuberculosis, these proteins have been proposed as a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis and diagnose the active/latent disease. However, the same proteins cannot be used for prevention and diagnosis because immunized but healthy people will also show a positive response and be falsely reported as diseased. Therefore, in this review article, the search was made to identify if any other ESAT6-like proteins exist in the M. tuberculosis genome. The search identified 21 additional ESAT-like proteins, i.e., ESXC to ESXW. Immunological characterization has shown that some of them (especially ESXV) were able to induce immune responses in vitro with cells obtained from tuberculosis patients and healthy donors. When the protein ESXV was tested in different recombinant forms (expressed in Escherichia coli, mycobacterial vectors, and DNA plasmids) and injected in mice, immune responses were induced to multiple epitopes of the protein. Furthermore, immunization of mice with ESXV protected them from infection with M. tuberculosis. The same protein was also able to protect mice against the induction of asthma. These results suggest that ESXV has the potential to protect against two major diseases of the world, i.e., tuberculosis and asthma, and hence may be used as a common vaccine for both diseases.

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Adjuvants and Antigen-Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines against Tuberculosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

Recombinant GPEHT Fusion Protein Derived from HTLV-1 Proteins with Alum Adjuvant Induces a High Immune Response in Mice

Tuberculosis research advances and future trends: A bibliometric knowledge mapping approach

Chemical and Biological Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific ESAT6-Like Proteins and Their Potentials in the Prevention of Tuberculosis and Asthma

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