Adjuvant immunotherapy (BCG) in Stage D prostate cancer

Guinan, Patrick; John, Thomas; Baumgartner, George; B, Sundar; Ablin, Richard J.

doi:10.1097/00000421-198202000-00012

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Initial studies evaluating BCG against prostate cancer were undertaken in the late 1970s and demonstrated favourable responses [ 96 ]. In 1978, Guinan et al [ 97 ] demonstrated that prostate cancer patients receiving BCG immunotherapy (in combination with conventional therapy) exhibited significantly elevated immune responses and cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, compared with those receiving conventional therapy. In a 1979 study involving 46 BCG recipients and 46 matched controls, BCG therapy was found to prolong survival compared with controls (37 vs. 21 months) [ 98 ].…”

Section: Efficacy Of Bcg In Tertiary Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Gupta,

Yadav,

Kumar

2024

J Cancer Prev

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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis . Although it was developed as a prophylactic vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), researchers have also evaluated it for preventing cancer development or progression. These studies were inspired by the available data regarding the protective effects of microbial infection against cancers and an inverse relationship between TB and cancer mortality. Initial studies demonstrated the efficacy of BCG in preventing leukemia, melanoma and a few other cancers. However, mixed results were observed in later studies. Importantly, these studies have led to the successful use of BCG in the tertiary prevention of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, wherein BCG therapy has been found to be more effective than chemotherapy. Moreover, in a recently published 60-year follow-up study, childhood BCG vaccination has been found to significantly prevent lung cancer development. In the present manuscript, we reviewed the studies evaluating the efficacy of BCG in cancer prevention and discussed its putative mechanisms. Also, we sought to explain the mixed results of BCG efficacy in preventing different cancers.

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Section: Efficacy Of Bcg In Tertiary Cancer Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Gupta,

Yadav,

Kumar

2024

J Cancer Prev

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“…also reported prolonged survival of patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with BCG immunotherapy in addition to the conventional therapy (e.g. estrogens or observation), as compared to the conventional therapy alone [135]. However, severe adverse effects led to the termination of this approach [94], but other immunotherapy-based approaches are now investigated for prostate cancer [136].…”

Section: Bcg In Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of bacillus Calmette–Guerin and recombinant bacillus Calmette–Guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy

Zheng

Naguib

Dong

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Summary Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines are attenuated live strains of Mycobacterium bovis and are among the most widely used vaccines in the world. BCG is proven effective in preventing severe infant meningitis and miliary tuberculosis. Intravesical instillation of BCG is also a standard treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. In the past few decades, recombinant BCG (rBCG) technology had been extensively applied to develop vaccine candidates against a variety of infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral, and parasite infections, and to improve the efficacy of BCG in bladder cancer therapy. This review is intended to show the vast applications of BCG and rBCG in prevention of infectious diseases and in cancer immunotherapy, with a special emphasis on recent approaches and trends on both pre-clinical and clinical levels.

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“…It could provide specificity not hitherto achieved in cancer therapy as well as possible life-long surveillance for recurrence. Many approaches have been tried to elicit such responses in prostate cancer, including the use of BCG, 7 tumour vaccines, 8 ex vivo dendritic cell-based approaches, 9 bi-specific antibodies 10 and GM-CSF. 11 Autoimmunity is a hallmark of successful breakdown of immune tolerance necessary for cancer immunotherapy, 12 and this would be unlikely to be a significant clinical problem in prostate cancer, compared with most solid tumours, as the prostate is inessential after reproduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining gene and immunotherapy for prostate cancer

Young

Mautner

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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The nitroreductase (NR)/CB1954 enzyme prodrug system has given promising results in pre-clinical studies and is currently being assessed in phase I and II clinical trials in prostate cancer. Enhanced cell killing by apparent immune-mediated mechanisms has been shown in pancreatic and colorectal cancer models, by co-expressing murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with NR in a single replication deficient adenoviral vector. This consists of the CMV immediate early promotor driving expression of NR, with an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and the gene for murine GM-CSF (mGM-CSF). To examine if similar enhancement of tumour cell killing could be produced in prostate cancer, the TRAMP model was chosen. Results illustrate that the combination of suicide gene therapy using NR and CB1954, with cytokine stimulation with mGM-CSF gives an improved response compared with either modality alone. The mechanism of this improved response is however likely to be non-immune based as it lacks a memory effect.

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Adjuvant immunotherapy (BCG) in Stage D prostate cancer

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Cancer Prevention and Its Putative Mechanisms

Applications of bacillus Calmette–Guerin and recombinant bacillus Calmette–Guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy

Combining gene and immunotherapy for prostate cancer

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