Adjuvant Effects of Chitosan and Calcium Phosphate Particles in an Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Abstract

The adjuvant activity of chitosan (CS) and calcium phosphate (CAP) particles was studied following intranasal (mucosal) administration to commercial chickens with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. After three vaccinations with inactivated NDV in combination with CS or CAP an increase in antibody titers in blood and mucosal samples in chickens was observed when compared with the administration of NDV antigen only. A lower level of humoral immunity was observed in broiler chickens compared to layer-type birds. The CS-based vaccine demonstrated higher antigenic and protective activity following lethal challenge than the vaccine containing CAP. Because CS particles efficiently changed mucosal and humoral immunity and protective activity, CS may in the future be considered for use as a potential adjuvant for production of vaccines for poultry.

Enhancing effects of Calcium phosphate nanoparticles adjuvant on the Immune response in calves vaccinated with Foot and Mouth Disease trivalent vaccine

“…From tables (5and 6) the results revealed that SNT and ELISA titers for CaP nanparticle, oil and CaP with oil FMD vaccines agreed with Dechamma et al, (2011) who showed that adjuvant properties of CaP nanoparticles as potent adjuvant induced higher antibody titers than the antigen alone or vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide oil and improved the potency of adjuvants. Results supported also by Dechamma et al, (2009) who found that CaP might help the vaccine work more effectively, increasing antibody production, also agreed with Koppad et al, (2011), Temchura et al, (2014) and Volkova et al, (2014) they found that Cap nanoparticles improved B-cells function, improved mucosal and humeral immunity and protective activity also helped vaccine for induction strong immunity when used as adjuvant. Our results also go in hand with the results obtained were consistent with the statement of Hamblin et al, (1986) who explained that the SNT measures those antibodies which neutralize the infectivity of FMD virion, while ELISA probably measure all classes of antibodies even those produced against incomplete and non-infectious virus.…”

Newcastle disease virus-based H5 influenza vaccine protects chickens from lethal challenge with a highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus

“…Although both vaccines were given through the same IM route, the antibody levels of anti-HA and anti-NDV antibodies in chickens prime immunized with the inactivated NDV-H5 vaccine were much higher than in those immunized with the live NDV-H5 vaccine. This could be due to the fact that (i) the inactivated NDV-H5 vaccine contained more virus antigen per dose and an adjuvant which increases the immunogenicity of vaccines 24 in contrast to the live vaccine formulation, and (ii) the live NDV-H5 most likely does not replicate well in chickens through the IM immunization route as replication of the NDV LaSota strain is mainly in the mucosa. The anti-HA specific antibody levels in birds increased in both live and inactivated NDV-H5 vaccines after booster; however, the anti-NDV antibody levels decreased in the live NDV-H5 vaccine group after booster, whereas the titer in inactivated NDV-H5 vaccine group increased when compared to the titer after the first vaccination.…”

Particulate inorganic adjuvants: recent developments and future outlook

“…In a murine model, CaP could also induce systemic immunity to herpes simplex through mucosal administration [136]. CaP has also been explored for tolerogenic vaccination, for instance to pollen extracts,[138] and in veterinary vaccines [139,140]…”

“…[136] CaP has also been explored for tolerogenic vaccination, for instance to pollen extracts, [138] and in veterinary vaccines. [139,140] In a very recent study, Olmedo et al explored the response in mice to Bothrops asper snake venom. [141] When antigen was adsorbed onto the surface of the adjuvant, CaP was found to be superior to aluminium hydroxide adjuvant, leading to enhanced leucocyte recruitment and greater antibody responses.…”