Adjuvant effect of ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes) on the recombinant vaccine against Eimeria tenella in chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the adjuvant effect of ginsomes on the recombinant profilin in coccidian-infected breeding birds. Three-day-old chickens were vaccinated with Eimeria tenella recombinant profilin antigen (10, 50, and 100 μg per chicken) with or without 50 μg ginsomes per chicken. The boost vaccination was carried out 14 days later. Two weeks after the booster, the chickens were challenged with 1.5 × 10(4) homologous sporulated oocysts. The specific antibody response, lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-1 release from lymphocyte were measured at 1-42 days after boost vaccination. Seven days post-challenge, the rate of survival, body weight gains (BWG) were examined then all chickens were sacrificed and lesion scores and oocysts per gram were monitored to evaluate the protective effects of the vaccination after challenge. Compared with the group of vaccinating with profilin only, groups of 50 and 100 μg antigen plus ginsomes significantly enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-1 secretion. The profilin specific antibody level in the four vaccinated groups was significantly higher than in the control group and in groups vaccinated with profilin containing ginsomes than profilin only. In the groups vaccinated with profilin plus ginsomes, the BWG was significantly higher than that of group of profilin only, but there was no significant difference between profilin plus adjuvant ginsomes, diclazuril medicated and uninfected-unmedicated-unvaccinated control groups. The lesion scores in groups immunized with profilin plus ginsomes was significantly lower than that both of groups unimmunized-challenged-unmedicated control and group vaccinated with profilin only. Oocyst excretion in groups vaccinated with 50 or 100 μg profilin plus ginsomes was lower than that of groups vaccinated with profilin only. These results demonstrate that the adjuvant ginsomes can promote subunit vaccine to induce a strong immune response and protective effects.

Immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant Enterococcus faecalis displaying dendritic cell–targeting peptide fused with Eimeria tenella 3-1E protein

“…Recently, exploration of novel vaccines aiming at preventing avian coccidiosis has gradually become a research hot spot. It was reported that several novel delivery vectors could be used as tools to express Eimeria target proteins, mainly including tobacco, ginsenoside-based nanoparticles, Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin , Bacillus subtilis , and Pichia pastoris ( Sathish et al., 2012 , Zhang et al., 2012 , Wang et al., 2014 , Chen et al., 2015 , Lin et al., 2015 ). Besides the aforementioned delivery tools, lactic acid bacteria are considered to be an ideal oral delivery vector with many advantages, including safety profile, convenient route of oral administration, weak immune response against itself, and establishing specific mucosal immunity ( BaheyEI-Din et al., 2010 ).…”

Recombinant Lactococcus lactis co-expressing dendritic cell target peptide and E. tenella 3-1E protein: immune response and efficacy against homologous challenge

“…reflected by drug-resistant Eimeria species, drug residues in poultry products and the reversion to virulence for attenuated vaccines. The exploration of novel vaccines has become research hot point, and several delivery tools have been used to deliver target Eimeria proteins, including Escherichia coli (Yin et al, 2015), Bacillus subtilis (Lin et al, 2015), Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Wang et al, 2014), attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Konjufca, Jenkins, Wang, Juarez-Rodriguez, & Curtiss, 2008), Pichia pastoris (Chen et al, 2015), fowlpox virus (Yang et al, 2008), tobacco (Sathish et al, 2011), nanoparticles (Jenkins et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2012), Lactobacillus plantarum (Yang et al, 2017), Lactococcus lactis (Li et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2017), recombinant Eimeria (Tang et al, 2019). Based on our previous study using lactic acid bacteria as a delivery tool, we postulate that the immune responses and efficacies provided by oral immunization of recombinant lactococci could be improved by introducing immune enhancers into the live recombinant bacteria.…”

Protective immunity against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens following oral immunization with Bacillus subtilis expressing Eimeria tenella 3-1E protein

“…Previous studies showed that E. tenella stimulated CD4+ T cells, macrophage response, and an increase in the IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, and INF-γ response in the cecum (Cornelissen et al 2009;Zhang et al 2012a). A protective immune response can be stimulated as either a humoralmediated (Th2) response or a cell-mediated (Th1) response, depending on the combination of cytokines generated (Mosmann and Sad 1996).…”