“…Charantin (XV) isolated from Momordica charantia L. possesses an insulin-like activity with which it promotes insulin secretion, and thereby lowers hepatic glycogenesis [129]. Also, diverse saponins such as β-sitosterol (XVI) present in Azadirachta indica A., andrographolide (XVII), a diterpenoid lactone, obtained from Andrographis paniculata Nees and gymnemic acid IV (XVIII) isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R., are agents of glycemic control in animal models [130,131]. The roles of bioactive principles in bringing glycemic control to bear in both experimental animals and humans have been exhaustively described elsewhere [6,114] Adjuvant activities of saponins from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Panax ginseng, Astragalus species, Panax notoginseng, Cochinchina momordica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Achyranthes bidentata have been previously described [132].…”