Adjustment for bias in discriminant analysis

Hallaq, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf02729528

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…First, through a careful examination of a number of theoretical studies laying the groundwork for DA, the author identified criteria that could be used to evaluate methodological rigor in the application of this technique. The early conceptual studies on DA consulted for this review, comprised Crask and Perreault (1977), Hallaq (1975), Huberty (1984), Klecka (1980), Lachenbruch (1975), Lachenbruch and Mickey (1968), Morrison (1969), and Press and Wilson (1978). An initial list of 20 criteria was developed before being refined by two experts on multivariate analysis, and in line with best practice guidelines recommended in the frequently cited handbooks (e.g.…”

Section: Search Criteria and Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to reiterate that in total, 68 models (representing exactly two-thirds of the models appraised) use direct testing. The use of direct testing in DA culminates in an overfitting model, which pivots results toward the alternate hypothesis while creating upwardly biased classification scores in the predictive component of the model (Hallaq, 1975;Lachenbruch, 1975). To elaborate on the adoption of the testing approach, this review revisits the sample and group size requirements pertinent to DA.…”

Section: Construct Models To Match Properties Of Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct testing without any cross-validation implies a potentially flawed model. Thus the lack of the jack-knife validation technique suggests that one cannot rule out the presence of biases and estimation errors in these models (Hallaq, 1975;Crask and Perreault, 1977).…”

Section: Construct Models To Match Properties Of Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rao, 1948) its application in the social sciences is relatively recent. A careful review of key literature on DA (see Crask and Perreault, 1977;Hallaq, 1975;Huberty, 1984;Klecka, 1980;Lachenbruch, 1975;Lachenbruch and Mickey, 1968;Morrison, 1969;Press and Wilson, 1978), shows that this statistical tool accomplishes the following:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discriminant analysis in export research: an imperative for methodological rigor

Kahiya

2017

APJML

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to appraise methodological rigor in the application of discriminant analysis (DA) in export-focused research and to offer guidelines for future studies. Design/methodology/approach The sample includes 89 empirical peer-reviewed studies, comprising 102 models published over the period 1979-2014. Content analysis and vote counting are used to evaluate each of these studies. Findings This review highlights major flaws in the application of DA in export research. The shortcomings are self-evident particularly concerning suitability of DA for research context, completeness in the reporting of descriptive results, and validity and reliability of predictive results. Practical implications The study takes the position that the lack of methodological rigor may be undermining the eminence of knowledge in exporting, and this has extensive implications for both researchers and practitioners. Originality/value This review outlines steps to assess methodological rigor associated with DA and offers guidelines for scholars seeking to enhance rigor in future research.

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Section: Search Criteria and Codingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Construct Models To Match Properties Of Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Construct Models To Match Properties Of Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discriminant analysis in export research: an imperative for methodological rigor

Kahiya

2017

APJML

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“…the predictors), and therefore degrees of freedom, increases [337] . In the process the contributions of the noise to the fitted relationship increases, and the ability to produce accurate future predictions diminished [337] .…”

Section: Equation 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexographic printed nanogranular LBZA derived ZnO gas sensors: Synthesis, printing and processing

Lewis¹

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Within this document, investigations of the processes towards the production of a flexographic printed ZnO gas sensor for breath H2 analysis are presented. Initially, a hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) based, microwave assisted, synthesis method of layered basic zinc acetate (LBZA) nanomaterials was investigated. Using the synthesised LBZA, a dropcast nanogranular ZnO gas sensor was produced. The testing of the sensor showed high sensitivity towards hydrogen with response (Resistanceair/ Resistancegas) to 200 ppm H2 at 328 °C of 7.27. The sensor is highly competitive with non-catalyst surface decorated sensors and sensitive enough to measure current H2 guideline thresholds for carbohydrate malabsorption (Positive test threshold: 20 ppm H2, Predicted response: 1.34). Secondly, a novel LBZA synthesis method was developed, replacing the HMTA by NaOH. This resulted in a large yield improvement, from a [OH-] conversion of 4.08 at% to 71.2 at%. The effects of [OH-]/[Zn2+] ratio, microwave exposure and transport to nucleation rate ratio on purity, length, aspect ratio and polydispersity were investigated in detail. Using classical nucleation theory, analysis of the basal layer charge symmetries, and oriented attachment theory, a dipole-oriented attachment reaction mechanism is presented. The mechanism is the first theory in literature capable of describing all observed morphological features along length scales. The importance of transport to nucleation rate ratio as the defining property that controls purity and polydispersity is then shown. Using the NaOH derived LBZA, a flexographic printing ink was developed, and proof-of-concept sensors printed. Gas sensing results showed a high response to 200 ppm H2 at 300 °C of 60.2. Through IV measurements and SEM analysis this was shown to be a result of transfer of silver between the electrode and the sensing layer during the printing process. Finally, Investigations into the intense pulsed light treatment of LBZA were conducted. The results show that dehydration at 150 °C prior to exposure is a requirement for successful calcination, producing ZnO quantum dots (QDs) in the process. SEM measurements show mean radii of 1.77-2.02 nm. The QDs show size confinement effects with the exciton blue shifting by 0.105 eV, and exceptionally low defect emission in photoluminescence spectra, indicative of high crystalline quality, and high conductivity. Due to the high crystalline quality and amenity to printing, the IPL ZnO QDs have numerous potential uses ranging from sensing to opto-electronic devices.

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Demographic and Life Style Determinants of Household Consumption Patterns

Eshghi

Lesch

1993

Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice

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Adjustment for bias in discriminant analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Discriminant analysis in export research: an imperative for methodological rigor

Discriminant analysis in export research: an imperative for methodological rigor

Flexographic printed nanogranular LBZA derived ZnO gas sensors: Synthesis, printing and processing

Demographic and Life Style Determinants of Household Consumption Patterns

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