Adjustment Disorder: Empirical Study of a New Diagnostic Concept for Icd-11 in the General Population in Lithuania

Želvienė, Paulina; Kazlauskas, Evaldas; Eimontas, Jonas; Maercker, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.06.009

Cited by 31 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The ADNM-20 showed satisfactory properties regarding factor structure, internal consistency, retest-reliability, and construct validity (Bley, Einsle, Maercker, Weidner, & Joraschky, 2008; Einsle et al, 2010; Glaesmer et al, 2015) in previous studies. The use of the ADNM-8 found initial support in two previous studies (Kazlauskas, Gegieckaite, Maercker, Eimontas, & Zelviene, 2018; Zelviene et al, 2017). The internal consistency in this study was α = .87.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Recent studies provided evidence for the proposed stress-response conceptualization for ICD-11 regarding its reliability and clinical utility (Bachem, Perkonigg, Stein, & Maercker, 2016; Glaesmer, Romppel, Brähler, Hinz, & Maercker, 2015; Keeley et al, 2016; Zelviene, Kazlauskas, Eimontas, & Maercker, 2017). However, little is known about predictive factors or models for the development of this disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Adjustment disorder (AjD) was redefined for ICD-11 with core symptoms of preoccupation with a stressor and failure to adapt. The socio-interpersonal framework model for stress-response syndromes suggests that interpersonal factors, besides intrapersonal processes, substantially contribute to the development of AjD. Objective: The current study aimed to identify predictive factors in the development of AjD symptoms by the application of a framework model for stress-response syndromes. Method: N = 321 recently laid-off participants (47.7% female) were assessed with a newly developed standardized clinical diagnostic interview section on ICD-11 AjD. Self-report questionnaires measured AjD symptom severity, and interpersonal and intrapersonal predictors. Path analysis was used to model the associations between AjD symptom severity and the predictor variables. We conducted logistic regression to identify associated characteristics of diagnostic status. Results: AjD symptoms were highly prevalent and 25.6% of participants met the diagnostic criteria. Higher loneliness, higher dysfunctional disclosure, and lower self-efficacy were associated with both higher symptom severity and higher likelihood of meeting the diagnostic criteria for AjD. Higher perceived social support was associated with higher likelihood for AjD diagnosis. Conclusions: Research on risk factors for AjD is still sparse. This study provided empirical evidence on the role of interpersonal factors supporting the socio-interpersonal model for stress-response syndromes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

Lorenz

Perkonigg

Maercker

2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…The stressor list of the ADNM was used in nine reviewed studies. However, the number of stressors in the first part of the ADNM ranged considerably across different studies: 10 stressors (Bachem & Maercker, 2016; Bachem, Perkonigg, Stein, & Maercker, 2016), 13 stressors (Horn & Maercker, 2016), 15 stressors (Zelviene, Kazlauskas, Eimontas, & Maercker, 2017), 16 stressors (Glaesmer, Romppel, Brähler, Hinz, & Maercker, 2015), 17 stressors (Eimontas et al, 2017), and 19 stressors (Lorenz, Bachem, & Maercker, 2016). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four versions of ADNM were used in studies: the brief 6-item ADNM-6, 8-item ADNM-8, 20-item ADNM-20, and 29-item ADNM-29. Six of the reviewed studies used the 20-item ADNM-20 scale, which included the 20 symptom items comprising six subscales: preoccupation (four items), failure to adapt (three items), avoidance (four items), depression (three items), impulsivity (three items), anxiety (two items) (Glaesmer et al, 2015; Lorenz, Hyland, Perkonigg, & Maercker, 2017; Lorenz et al, 2016; Mahat-Shamir et al, 2017; Zelviene et al, 2017). The 29-item ADNM-29 was used in one study (Bachem et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other AjD symptom structure validation study was conducted in the Lithuanian national representative sample ( N = 831) by Zelviene et al (2017). This study explored the structure of AjD symptoms and found that the two-factor AjD CFA model consisting of the two symptoms preoccupation and failure to adapt fitted the data best (Zelviene et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A scoping review of ICD-11 adjustment disorder research

Kazlauskas

Želvienė

Lorenz

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Adjustment disorder (AjD) is one of the most used mental disorder diagnoses among mental health professionals. Important revisions of the AjD definition in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) are proposed. AjD is included in a chapter of disorders specifically associated with stress in ICD-11. Objective: This paper aims to review recent developments in ICD-11 AjD research, and to discuss the available ICD-11 AjD diagnosis validation studies, AjD measures, treatment studies, and outline the future perspectives for AjD research and clinical practice. Methods: In total, 10 empirical studies of AjD ICD-11 were identified and included in this review. We searched for studies in Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, PILOTS, SocINDEX, and via additional search by contacting authors of published empirical studies and reference screening. Results: Review of the studies revealed a lack of validation studies of the ICD-11 AjD symptom structure. AjD validation study findings are ambiguous, and there is still little support for the proposed two symptom structure of AjD for the ICD-11. A self-report AjD measure ‘Adjustment Disorder New Module’ (ADNM) based on the ICD-11 definition has been developed and used in all 10 reviewed studies. Two self-help interventions have been developed for the ICD-11 AjD, and findings from these studies indicate that self-help low-intensity cognitive-behavioural interventions, delivered via bibliography or internet-based, might be effective treatment of AjD. Conclusions: The AjD definition in ICD-11 with a description of a new symptom profile facilitates AjD measurement and AjD-focused treatment developments. More studies and insights from clinical practice are needed to move the field of AjD research and practice forward.

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Validation of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire in Israel and Switzerland

Levin

Bachem

Hyland

et al. 2022

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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The ICD‐11 has introduced a new conceptualization of adjustment disorder (AjD) as a stress response syndrome with core symptoms of preoccupations and failure to adapt to the stressor. The current study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire (IADQ) in two culturally distinct samples from Israel and Switzerland. Two samples were recruited in Israel (N = 1142) and Switzerland (N = 699) during the initial stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a correlated two‐factor model provided an excellent fit to the Israeli and Swiss sample data. The IADQ scores correlated strongly with another measure of AjD symptoms and with symptoms of depression, anxiety, acute stress and negative emotions, whereas correlations with posttraumatic stress disorder, complex posttraumatic stress disorder and positive emotions were weaker. In the Swiss sample, 18.8% met diagnostic criteria for probable AjD and 10.2% in the Israeli sample. The current study provides the first evidence of the validity of the German and Hebrew versions of the IADQ and can be used for the screening of this debilitating condition.

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Adjustment Disorder: Empirical Study of a New Diagnostic Concept for Icd-11 in the General Population in Lithuania

Abstract: The study supports the ICD-11 proposal for the structure of adjustment disorder with two core symptoms: preoccupation and failure to adapt. Further studies are needed to analyse the structure of AD in other populations.

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

A socio-interpersonal approach to adjustment disorder: the example of involuntary job loss

A scoping review of ICD-11 adjustment disorder research

Validation of the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire in Israel and Switzerland

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