“…Many authors enumerate the common emotional responses to laryngectomy surgery and the changes that laryngectomees are forced to make in their lives: depression, anger, frustration, anxiety, nervousness, denial, self-pity, grief, inadequacy, isolation, apathy, irritability, embarrassment, shame, uncertainty about the future, and loss of self esteem (Blood, 1993;Blood et al, 1992;Gates et al, 1982a;Johnson et al, 1979;Maas, 1991;Pruyn et al, 1986;Salmon, 1986;Weber & Reimer, 1993). In addition to these negative emotions, many laryngectomees have reported changes for the worse in their social relationships: avoiding friends, reducing social activities, increased family arguments, increased irritable behavior, marital distress, and in some cases, alcoholism or suicide (Barton, 1965;Blood, 1993;Maas, 1991).…”