“…The model also had modules responsible for simulating hysteresis and internal friction of a damper, which could be disabled and enabled. More details on the damper model can be found in [19].…”
Section: Figure 6 Spring Characteristic Used In Researchmentioning
The paper presents proposed and tested methods of estimation of frequency response of nonlinear quarter car suspension model and comparison with method for linear model used for research of vehicle vertical dynamics. Linear quarter car suspension model is widely used for estimation of comfort and safety performance of passive and semiactive suspensions. The real suspension - especially shock absorbers - are non-linear in three aspects: static characteristics, hysteresis and the presence of friction. Testing linear suspension model is possible with the use of analytical transfer function formulas but testing real suspension on a testing stand or even virtual but nonlinear suspension needs to use methods of transfer function estimation. It was necessary to design appropriate input signal allowing to get useful response signals. With the use of obtained frequency responses a method of linear estimation of nonlinear suspension for a given range of working condition was proposed. Also the bilinear model of damper characteristic estimation was proposed and tested proving to be good alternative to nonlinear characteristic.
“…The model also had modules responsible for simulating hysteresis and internal friction of a damper, which could be disabled and enabled. More details on the damper model can be found in [19].…”
Section: Figure 6 Spring Characteristic Used In Researchmentioning
The paper presents proposed and tested methods of estimation of frequency response of nonlinear quarter car suspension model and comparison with method for linear model used for research of vehicle vertical dynamics. Linear quarter car suspension model is widely used for estimation of comfort and safety performance of passive and semiactive suspensions. The real suspension - especially shock absorbers - are non-linear in three aspects: static characteristics, hysteresis and the presence of friction. Testing linear suspension model is possible with the use of analytical transfer function formulas but testing real suspension on a testing stand or even virtual but nonlinear suspension needs to use methods of transfer function estimation. It was necessary to design appropriate input signal allowing to get useful response signals. With the use of obtained frequency responses a method of linear estimation of nonlinear suspension for a given range of working condition was proposed. Also the bilinear model of damper characteristic estimation was proposed and tested proving to be good alternative to nonlinear characteristic.
“…In their studies, many researchers analysed: the response of the vehicle suspension to the road inequalities dependent on the vehicle wheelbase, the changes in the vehicle velocity dependent on the road surface, the passenger's comfort sensation on different vibrations of the suspension caused by the road inequalities as well as different stiffness and dampness characteristics [2,7,11,17]. The method accomplishing the test includes establishing the coefficients of displacement between the rear axle and the front axle as well as the average values of the displacement between the rear axle and the front axle.…”
Section: Influence Of Semi-active Suspension Characteristics On the Dmentioning
The article analyzes the influence of modern-day vehicle suspension characteristics on the passenger's comfort sensation. The cars with air suspension were selected for the experiments and the suspension was equipped with mode selection options-"Comfort" and "Sport". A sinusoidal manoeuvre was ensured with a steering wheel rotation robot. The experimental tests were carried out by changing car suspension modes and wheel sizes. The experiments and data processing were carried out in accordance with the provisions of the ISO 2631-1 international standard. In the experimental test, the longitudinal and lateral acceleration projections captured by the sensor and roll rate of the vehicle were set to provide the most comfortable adjustment of the car suspension mode. After filtering the measured vertical acceleration values, the comfort sensation was expressed as the root mean square (RMS) of vibration acceleration value. After evaluating the passenger's sense of comfort, a summary of the effect of the car suspension-driving mode was provided.
“…During compression, a higher stiffness force of the spring resists, so it is calculated that the alteration takes about 67 ms. When the damper operates in the rebound mode, the damping force values are altered more rapidly -for about 43 ms (Więckowski et al 2018).…”
Section: System Adaptation In Advancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the current strength starts changing, the damping force value starts changing as well. It is not necessary to wait for the moment when the current strength reaches the desirable value, so it is accepted that the total delay of the damper from the minimum lasts for about 0.055 s (Savaresi, Spelta 2009, Więckowski et al 2018.…”
Section: System Adaptation In Advancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…-the basic station -a communication centre (Virtualto-Physical -V2P; V2I); -a communication centre (V2V); -a network where communication centres are interconnected and transfer the data (mesh network) (V2V). V2P systems are used to ensure a communication between the vehicle and pedestrians in order to warn the latter on the approaching vehicle, whereas a communication with the infrastructure (V2I) may be ensured by Ra- (Więckowski et al 2018) dio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology or lowpower transmission technology integrated in the surface of the road usable, for example, for observing the road edge or easier identification of the stop line (road signs) or by distant traffic information from the control system of city transport flows.…”
This paper presents the technological measures currently being developed at institutes and vehicle research centres dealing with forefront road identification. In this case, road identification corresponds with the surface irregularities and road surface type, which are evaluated by laser scanning and image analysis. Real-time adaptation, adaptation in advance and system external informing are stated as sequential generations of vehicle suspension and active braking systems where road identification is significantly important. Active and semi-active suspensions with their adaptation technologies for comfort and road holding characteristics are analysed. Also, an active braking system such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) have been considered as very sensitive to the road friction state. Artificial intelligence methods of deep learning have been presented as a promising image analysis method for classification of 12 different road surface types. Concluding the achieved benefit of road identification for traffic safety improvement is presented with reference to analysed research reports and assumptions made after the initial evaluation.
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