Adjustable Ring Mode (ARM) laser welding of stainless steels

Progress and perspectives of in-situ optical monitoring in laser beam welding: Sensing, characterization and modeling

“…The proposed multiple-optics sensing system can help provide a comprehensive understanding and accurate diagnosis on high-brightness disk laser welding process. Wang et al [93] combined an industrial CCD camera and a spectrometer to simultaneously monitor the ARM laser welding of stainless steels. The process characteristics of the keyhole entrance was observed by the CCD camera, and the length, width and area also were quantified by the selected image processing method.…”

“…Very few efforts such as refs. [90], [93]- [94] have designed a multi-sensor monitoring and analysis platform to gain overall knowledge of the welding process, the scope and depth regarding multi-information fusion technology is still limited and thorough study is needed.…”

Laser beam welding setup for the coaxial combination of two laser beams to vary the intensity distribution

“…Several investigations have aimed to determine the influence of shaped or multiple-spot intensities. Experiments with spot-in-spot laser technologies such as "BrightLine Weld" (TRUMPF GmbH + Co. KG) [3] or "Adjustable Ring Mode (ARM) Fiber Laser" (COHERENT, INC.) [4], which provide an inner core intensity and an outer ring intensity, revealed that the changed energy input decreases spatter formation, especially at higher welding speeds [3]. Punzel et al investigated the influence of different intensity distributions on weld seam properties like penetration depth, seam width, and porosity and were able to achieve a reduction in porosity at certain intensity distributions [5].…”

Remote Laser Welding of Zn Coated If Steel and 1050 Aluminium Alloy: Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

“…An alternative to addressing the inherent limitations of alloying elements/filler material is to optimise welding processing conditions to control the weld pool chemistry, solidification, and interfacial IMCs. In recent years, RLW has gained traction since it is regarded as highly flexible and allows the introduction of sophisticated welding patterns, fast beam re-positioning with superior processing speed, laser power modulation and beam shaping [36,37]. The combination of these features has been successfully demonstrated for welding challenging materials such as non-ferrous alloys and highly reflective materials (copper and wrought aluminium) [38,39].…”