Adjustable Lattice Design for 3D Photonic Crystals by 4+1 Beam Interference

Abstract

This work presents a novel method of fabricating unidirectional adjustable periodic lattice structures via multi-beam interference. The umbrella-like 4+1 beams interference fields are categorized by four different polarization combinations, expressed as a function of incident angles. The results show that one of these four interference fields displays relatively stable three-dimensional (3D) interference patterns, which can create simple tetragonal, simple cubic, and simple hexagonal lattices. Especially, when the umbrella-like distribution is disrupted, adjusting the incident angles of two beams can induce unidirectional compression or elongation of simple tetragonal and simple hexagonal lattices. In addition, the initial phases will not affect interference pattern structures.