Adjustable film properties of cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanocrystal composites

Pritchard, Cailean Q.; Funk, George; Owens, James; Stutz, Samantha; Gooneie, Ali; Sapkota, Janak; Foster, E. Johan; Bortner, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119283

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These values are again comparable to those of water-borne HPC/CNC composites 51,52 and approach those of previously reported films consisting only of wood-derived CNC, which have been reported to display E y , σ UTS , and ε B of 6.6 GPa, 32,73 45 MPa, 32,73 and 0.75%, respectively. 32,73 Thus, the mechanical properties of 90CCHPC are largely driven by the CNCs, although the HPC is likely instrumental in limiting the porosity and permeability (vide infra). Note that the "intermediate compositions" 30CCHPC and 50CCHPC, which again show similar mechanical characteristics, display an intriguing combination of strength, stiffness, and extensibility and a toughness of 0.72−0.77 MJ m −3 and maintain these properties even after exposure to 75% relative humidity for 1 week (Figure S6, Table S1).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Water and Oxygen Barrier Properties of All-Cellulose Nanocomposites

Rader,

Grillo,

Weder

2024

Biomacromolecules

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Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is potentially interesting as a biobased, rigid food packaging material, but its stiffness and strength are somewhat low, and its water and oxygen transport rates are too high. To improve these characteristics, we investigated nanocomposites of HPC and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). These high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles display high stiffness and strength, and their high crystallinity renders them virtually impermeable. Exchanging the counterions of sulfate-ester decorated CNCs with cetyltrimethylammonium ions affords particles that are dispersible in ethanol (CTA.CNC) and allows solvent casting of HPC/CTA.CNC nanocomposite films, which, even at a CTA.CNC content of 90 wt %, are highly transparent. The introduction of CTA.CNC considerably increases the Young's modulus (E y ) and upper tensile strength (σ UTS ). For example, in the nanocomposite with 90% CTA.CNC, E y = 7.6 GPa is increased 20-fold and σ UTS = 42.7 MPa is more than doubled in comparison to HPC, whereas the extensibility (1.1%) remains appreciable. Composites with a CTA.CNC content of 70 wt % or less show a lower water vapor permeability (6.4−9.2 × 10 −5 g μm m −2 s −1 Pa −1 ) than the neat HPC (1.5 × 10 −4 g μm m −2 s −1 Pa −1 ), whereas the oxygen permeability (5.6 × 10 −7 −1.3 × 10 −6 cm 3 μm m −2 s −1 Pa −1 ) is reduced by 1 order of magnitude compared to HPC (3.2 × 10 −6 cm 3 μm m −2 s −1 Pa −1 ). The biobased nanocomposites retain their mechanical integrity at a relative humidity of 75% but readily disintegrate in water.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Water and Oxygen Barrier Properties of All-Cellulose Nanocomposites

Rader,

Grillo,

Weder

2024

Biomacromolecules

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“…The mechanical properties of polymer composites are significantly influenced by crystallinity . To assess the impact of pulp fiber fillers on the crystallinity and thermal properties of PA6, DSC measurements were conducted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Thermomechanical Properties and Adhesion of Wood Fibers to the Polyamide 6 Matrix by Sequential Ball Milling Technique

Jalaee,

Foster

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The engineering thermoplastics industry has largely limited the use of natural fiber reinforcements due to their susceptibility to low-onset thermal degradation and water absorption. Therefore, in order to utilize these economically viable and environmentally friendly materials effectively through common composite fabrication methods such as hot pressing, safeguarding them from thermal degradation becomes essential. This work presents a viable industrially technique called sequential ball milling for processing unbleached softwood kraft pulp fibers (PF) with an engineering thermoplastics polyamide 6 (PA6) with high melting temperatures (>220 °C). An additional eco-friendly modification step that employs ball milling and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has been implemented in this study to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. Special attention is given to fine-tuning key variables, such as milling duration and PF particle size, to produce optimal composites. Leveraging the ability of sequential ball milling to evenly distribute pulp fibers into PA6, a 160% increase in Young's modulus was achieved with the incorporation of 30 wt % PF. Importantly, the introduction of a 5 wt % CNC modifying agent elevated Young's modulus to 4.3 GPa, marking a 187% improvement over unmodified PA6. Diverse techniques, including rheological analyses, thermomechanical evaluations, morphological examinations, and assessments of moisture absorption, were utilized to validate the efficiency of the suggested processing approach and the modification phase.

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“…Cellulose nanomaterials can be extracted by exploiting different sources and obtaining characteristics which depend on the hydrolysis conditions. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanocrystals as Additives in Electrospun Biocompatible Separators for Aprotic Lithium-Ion Batteries

Laezza

Celeste

Curcio

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This work concerns the study of electrospun scaffolds as separators for aprotic lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) composed of the amorphous poly-d,l-lactide (PDLLA), in solution concentrations of 8, 10, and 12 wt % and in different ratios with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). PDLLA has been studied for the first time as a separator, taking into account its amorphous character that could facilitate electrolyte incorporation into the polymer matrix and influence ionic conductivity, together with CNCs, for reducing the hydrophobicity of the scaffolds. The embedding of the nanocrystals in the scaffolds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymer combination influenced the nanofibrous morphology as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and modulated the electrochemical behavior of the membranes that was investigated through linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. Among the studied categories, the P12 series displayed a nonhomogeneous electrolyte resistance and electrochemical stability, differently from P10, whose results suggested their application in LIBs with standard formulation, as confirmed by a preliminary performance test of the P10N6 formulation in a full Li-ion cell configuration.

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Adjustable film properties of cellulose nanofiber and cellulose nanocrystal composites

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Water and Oxygen Barrier Properties of All-Cellulose Nanocomposites

Water and Oxygen Barrier Properties of All-Cellulose Nanocomposites

Improvement in the Thermomechanical Properties and Adhesion of Wood Fibers to the Polyamide 6 Matrix by Sequential Ball Milling Technique

Cellulose Nanocrystals as Additives in Electrospun Biocompatible Separators for Aprotic Lithium-Ion Batteries

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