Adjunctive 5-Hydroxytryptophan Slow-Release for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Clinical and Preclinical Rationale

Jacobsen, Jacob P. R.; Krystal, Andrew D.; Krishnan, Kamini; Caron, Marc G.

doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.09.001

“…Recent work points toward the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) 1A receptor as potentially important for both diagnosis and prognosis of depression, pending new genetic and imaging techniques 96. There are new potential treatments targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine; for example, using a slow-release administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan 97. Increased transmission of dopamine interacts with other neurotransmitters to improve cognitive outcomes such as decision making and motivation 98.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects

Strawbridge¹,

Young²,

Cleare³

2017

NDT

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A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.

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“…erefore, administration of an adequate amount of tryptophan supplied from the eel's head powder in the elderly patient could be beneficial to compensate for the reduced tryptophan level and fulfil the daily recommendation of tryptophan intake as much as 4 mg/kg BW, as recommended by WHO. EPA, DHA, and other amino acids in eel's head powder also increase its benefit in reducing depression symptoms [5,19,20].…”

Section: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Eel’s Head Powder Reduces Mild‐Moderate Depression in Geriatric Individual: Result from Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Anastasya

¹

,

Iskandar

²

,

Atik

³

2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Depression is one of the major problems, and the prevalence is higher among the elderly. The underlying mechanism of depression among this set of the population is multifactorial, and one of the most important factors in the pathophysiology of depression is the level of brain serotonin. Protein deficiency is linked to tryptophan deficiency that is known to be the essential material for the synthesis of serotonin. This randomized controlled trial looked for the effectiveness of eel’s head powder administration on plasma tryptophan level and geriatric depression scale (GDS) scores among the elderly population who suffered from depression. The subjects were divided into three intervention groups, including groups that were given 2-week course of 5 mg/kg BW eel’s head powder, 10 mg/kg BW eel’s head powder, and placebo, respectively. There was a significant difference in plasma tryptophan level and geriatric depression scale between the 10 mg/kg BW group and 5 mg/kg BW group. There was also a significant difference between those given 10 mg/kg BW eel’s head powder and those receiving placebo; however, no such difference was found between those in the 5 mg/kg BW eel’s head powder group and placebo group. Eel’s head powder administration could increase plasma tryptophan level and reduce geriatric depression scale score among older individuals who suffered from depression. Administration of 10 mg/kg BW eel’s head powder was significant in increasing plasma tryptophan level and reducing GDS score.

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“…96 There are new potential treatments targeting 5-hydroxytryptamine; for example, using a slow-release administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan. 97 Increased transmission of dopamine interacts with other neurotransmitters to improve cognitive outcomes such as decision making and motivation. 98 Similarly, the neurotransmitters glutamate, noradrenaline, histamine and serotonin may interact and activate as part of a depression-related stress response; this might decrease 5-hydroxytryptamine production through "flooding".…”

Section: Neurotransmitter Findings In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for Depression: Recent Insights, Current Challenges and Future Prospects

Strawbridge¹,

Young

²

,

Cleare³

2018

FOC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A plethora of research has implicated hundreds of putative biomarkers for depression, but has not yet fully elucidated their roles in depressive illness or established what is abnormal in which patients and how biologic information can be used to enhance diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This lack of progress is partially due to the nature and heterogeneity of depression, in conjunction with methodological heterogeneity within the research literature and the large array of biomarkers with potential, the expression of which often varies according to many factors. We review the available literature, which indicates that markers involved in inflammatory, neurotrophic and metabolic processes, as well as neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine system components, represent highly promising candidates. These may be measured through genetic and epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic, metabolomic and neuroimaging assessments. The use of novel approaches and systematic research programs is now required to determine whether, and which, biomarkers can be used to predict response to treatment, stratify patients to specific treatments and develop targets for new interventions. We conclude that there is much promise for reducing the burden of depression through further developing and expanding these research avenues.

show abstract

Adjunctive 5-Hydroxytryptophan Slow-Release for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Clinical and Preclinical Rationale

Cited by 101 publications

References 90 publications

Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects

Biomarkers for depression: recent insights, current challenges and future prospects

Eel’s Head Powder Reduces Mild‐Moderate Depression in Geriatric Individual: Result from Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Biomarkers for Depression: Recent Insights, Current Challenges and Future Prospects

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