Adjudicating Scientific Disputes in Climate Science: The Limits of Judicial Competence and the Risks of Taking Sides

Bergkamp, Lucas

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2679252

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, we see what we call the "Urgenda effect" on climate litigation research following the original 2015 Urgenda decision in the Netherlands. Since this high-profile case, where the Urgenda Foundation won a legal case to compel the state to take more effective action to address climate change, there has been a sustained spike in publications on climate litigation including more than a dozen analyzing the Urgenda case in an in-depth or comparative manner (Bergkamp, 2015;Bergkamp & Hanekamp, 2015;Butterfield, 2018;Cox, 2016;de Graaf & Jans, 2015;Ferreira, 2016;Peel & Osofsky, 2018;Peeters, 2016;Roy & Woerdman, 2016;Schiermeier, 2015;Ugochukwu, 2018;Van Zeben, 2015). The 2018 decision of the Hague Court of Appeals to uphold the lower court ruling is likely to maintain or spur future scholarship.…”

Section: Increased Interest and Its Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change litigation: A review of research on courts and litigants in climate governance

Setzer

Vanhala

2019

WIREs Climate Change

107

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Studies of climate change litigation have proliferated over the past two decades, as lawsuits across the world increasingly bring policy debates about climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as climate change-related loss and damage to the attention of courts. We systematically identify 130 articles on climate change litigation published in English in the law and social sciences between 2000 and 2018 to identify research trajectories. In addition to a budding interdisciplinarity in scholarly interest in climate change litigation we also document a growing understanding of the full spectrum of actors involved and implicated in climate lawsuits and the range of motivations and/or strategic imperatives underpinning their engagement with the law. Situating this within the broader academic literature on the topic we then highlight a number of cutting edge trends and opportunities for future research. Four emerging themes are explored in detail: the relationship between litigation and governance; how time and scale feature in climate litigation; the role of science; and what has been coined the "human rights turn" in climate change litigation. We highlight the limits of existing work and the need for future research-not limited to legal scholarship-to evaluate the impact of both regulatory and antiregulatory climate-related lawsuits, and to explore a wider set of jurisdictions, actors and themes. Addressing these issues and questions will help to develop a deeper understanding of the conditions under which litigation will strengthen or undermine climate governance. This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance K E Y W O R D S climate change litigation, climate governance, climate lawsuits, regulation 1 | INTRODUCTIONCourts are playing an increasingly visible role in policy debates about climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as climate change-related loss and damage. 1 Lawsuits addressing the causes and consequences of climate change-such as the expansion of airports, the reliance on coal-powered energy and the climate-related erosion of the habitats of endangered species-are increasingly apparent in national courts, and scholars even see a potential role for international tribunals to address climate harms (e.g., Bodansky, 2017;Sands, 2016). This article is, to our knowledge, the first to systematically review key literature on climate change litigation over the last 20 years. We build on this to identify new horizons for a forward-

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Section: Increased Interest and Its Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change litigation: A review of research on courts and litigants in climate governance

Setzer

Vanhala

2019

WIREs Climate Change

107

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“…It has been claimed that 97% of the scientific literature endorses anthropogenic climate change, 33 but that claim has been disputed, 34 and the debate about the extent of scientific consensus continues. 35 The argument developed in the essay does not target the scientific consensus, but suggests that the scientific 'consensus' (i.e., that anthropogenic emissions cause dangerous climate change) is an artefact of policy decisions and socio-political processes, including pressure and incentives, not of a spontaneous process of consensus formation based on the available empirical evidence. The 'capture' of the scientific community by policy-makers caused the socio-political construction of scientific consensus in the climate area.…”

Section: Science and The Paris Agreementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Paris Agreement on Climate Change: A Risk Regulation Perspective

Bergkamp

2016

Eur. j. risk regul.

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This mini-symposium of the European Journal of Risk Regulation focuses on the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which was concluded at COP-21 in December 2015. It has been called the ‘world's greatest diplomatic success’ and a ‘historic achievement,’ but also an ‘epic failure’ and even a ‘fraud’ and ‘worthless words.’ Disappointed with the Paris Agreement, a group of eleven climate scientists signed a declaration stating that it suffers from “deadly flaws” and gives “false hope;” they argue that the time for “wishful thinking and blind optimism” is over, and “the full spectrum of geo engineering” should be considered. The broad disagreement over the outcome of COP-21 in Paris (in particular, over its binding effect) illustrates not only the diverging expectations of interest groups, but also the antagonisms that arise in all areas of policy-making between the dogmatic and the pragmatic, the idealistic and the realistic, and the internationalists and nationalists.

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“…59 Breve sumário do caso disponível em: http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/xstrata-coal-queensland-ptyltd-ors-v-friends-of-the-earth-brisbane-ors/. Acesso em 23 de março de 2021 Bergkamp (2015) argumenta que as conclusões científicas são provisórias por definição, sempre sujeitas a novas descobertas ou revisão, a tornar perigoso seu engessamento por decisões judiciais que as adotem como motivação. Afinal, os padrões de certeza da ciência não seguem os mesmos critérios daqueles do direito processual e da formação do convencimento do juiz.…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

“…A interseção entre psicologia e litigância é campo em aberto, assim como é incipiente a pesquisa acadêmica sobre os vieses cognitivos ao se lidar com mudanças do clima (SETZER; VANHALA, 2019). O potencial interesse em se granjear notoriedade, financiamento e oportunidades comerciais a setores parceiros, como o de energias renováveis, já foi apontado como relevante na atuação de entidades especializadas (BERGKAMP;HANEKAMP, 2015).…”

Section: City Of Los Angeles V National Highway Traffic Safety Admini...unclassified

“…Pôs-se em evidência o papel mais ativista do Poder Judiciário em exercer controle do mérito da política climática nacional, julgando se suficientemente adequada aos objetivos propostos, mas extraindo tais objetivos dos compromissos internacionais e do consenso científico. Neste último ponto, Urgenda pautou a interpretação e aplicação mais direta dos relatórios do IPCC por tribunais, colmatando incertezas científicas em grau de certeza bastante para a determinação de obrigações de fazer, no que desencadeou controvérsia sobre o uso da ciência no processo civil de mudanças climáticas (BERGKAMP, 2015;BERGKAMP;HANEKAMP, 2015).…”

Section: Legislação/políticasunclassified

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A judicialização das mudanças climáticas

Filho¹

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A construção do trabalho acadêmico é esforço que percorre anos, desde as primeiras ideias para o ingresso no Mestrado, até o depósito da Dissertação. Ao longo do caminho, muitas são as contribuições que se colhem, indo das dicas e "pitacos" aqui e ali, à troca mais aprofundada de conhecimento e à orientação em si.Sendo tão longo o percurso, seria inviável mencionar todos aqueles que me acompanharam em algum momento, sob pena de injustiça com os que ficarem de fora por mero olvido do autor. Mais sensata me parece a referência aos grupos de que esses inestimáveis colaboradores fizeram parte.Aos colegas orientandos da Professora Ana Maria de Oliveira Nusdeo, entre 2017 e 2020, pela ajuda, compartilhamento de materiais e companheirismo. E à Professora, pela oportunidade de realizar o sonho do Mestrado brasileiro. Aos membros da Oficina de Direito Ambiental, entre 2018 e 2020, pelas discussões e oportunidade coordenar a pesquisa acadêmica tanto sobre temas correlatos, quanto sobre o próprio tema do presente trabalho.Aos alicerces dessa obra que é o ser humano e pesquisador: meus pais, Sandra e José Roberto, por terem me ensinado a dar os primeiros passos, levando-me pelas mãos no início da jornada que conduziria a todos os caminhos que depois trilhei.Ao meu irmão, Pedro, e amigos mais próximos, que por três anos me aturaram falar sobre a Dissertação que enfim vem à luz.À "SanFran", pela acolhida ao filho que à casa tanto desejava tornar."Ainda que exteriormente se desconjunte nosso homem exterior, nosso interior renova-se de dia para dia. A nossa presente tribulação, momentânea e ligeira, nos proporciona um peso eterno de glória incomensurável. Porque não miramos as coisas que se vêem, mas sim as que não se vêem. Pois as coisas que se vêem são temporais, e as que não se vêem são eternas." (II Coríntios, 4,(16)(17)(18) RESUMO XAVIER FILHO, José Roberto Strang. A judicialização das mudanças climáticas. 215f.

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Adjudicating Scientific Disputes in Climate Science: The Limits of Judicial Competence and the Risks of Taking Sides

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Climate change litigation: A review of research on courts and litigants in climate governance

Climate change litigation: A review of research on courts and litigants in climate governance

The Paris Agreement on Climate Change: A Risk Regulation Perspective

A judicialização das mudanças climáticas

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