Adjoint-optimized nanoscale light extractor for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Wambold, Raymond; Yu, Zhaoning; Xiao, Yuzhe; Bachman, Benjamin; Jaffe, Gabriel R.; Kolkowitz, Shimon; Choy, Jennifer T.; Eriksson, M. A.; Hamers, Robert J.; Kats, Mikhail A.

doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0387

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…23 TO has been used to control the emission of near-surface NVs in diamond with optimized silicon. 24 A related inverse design approach was applied to NV centers formed by implantation, where the surrounding gallium phosphide layer topology was optimized to enhance the photon extraction efficiency into free space radiation. 25 Within this work, we optimize the single-photon emission coupling efficiency of a point defect in a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flake into a predefined fundamental mode of the silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) waveguide.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Namely, TO has been applied to realize efficient and coherent light–matter interfaces via the integration of nitrogen-vacancy- (NV) and tin-vacancy-center-based single-photon sources (SPSs) within the diamond material platform . TO has been used to control the emission of near-surface NVs in diamond with optimized silicon . A related inverse design approach was applied to NV centers formed by implantation, where the surrounding gallium phosphide layer topology was optimized to enhance the photon extraction efficiency into free space radiation .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Efficient Topology-Optimized Couplers for On-Chip Single-Photon Sources

et al. 2021

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Room-temperature single-photon sources (SPSs) are critical for emerging practical quantum applications such as on-chip photonic circuity for quantum communications systems and integrated quantum sensors. However, the direct integration of an SPS into on-chip photonic systems remains challenging due to low coupling efficiencies between the SPS and the photonic circuitry that often involve size mismatch and dissimilar materials. Here we develop an adjoint topology optimization scheme to design high-efficiency couplers between a photonic waveguide and an SPS in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The algorithm accounts for fabrication constraints and SPS location uncertainty. First, a library of designs for the different positions of the hBN flake containing an SPS with respect to a Si3N4 waveguide is generated, demonstrating an average coupling efficiency of 78%. Then, the designs are inspected with a dimensionality reduction technique to investigate the relationship between the device geometry (topology) and the performance. The fundamental, physics-based intuition gained from this approach could enable the design of high-performance quantum devices.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Efficient Topology-Optimized Couplers for On-Chip Single-Photon Sources

et al. 2021

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“…We show that efficiencies, η, comparable or superior to those obtained with conventional design approaches based on pre-established waveguide or cavity geometries [18] can be achieved with simultaneously high F p values, in spite of the geometrical constraint. Our results show that inverse design procedures that target either only η or only F p [1,[36][37][38] may lead to sub-optimal F p or η, respectively, whereas multi-objective optimization produces highly favorable trade-offs between the two parameters regarding single-photon source performance. To obtain these results, we employ a formulation of the adjoint simulation source that, critically, accounts for the variation of the total power emitted by the quantum emitter due to the Purcell effect [8,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To obtain these results, we employ a formulation of the adjoint simulation source that, critically, accounts for the variation of the total power emitted by the quantum emitter due to the Purcell effect [8,31]. Such consideration is not only necessary for the precise evaluation of optimization gradients to allow efficient convergence, but is also shown to produce subtle, advantageous trade-offs that have not been observed in prior investigations [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective Inverse Design of Solid-state Quantum Emitter Single-photon Sources

Melo¹,

Eshbaugh²,

Flagg³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Single solid-state quantum emitters offer considerable potential for the implementation of sources of indistinguishable single-photons, which are central to many photonic quantum information systems. Nanophotonic geometry optimization with multiple performance metrics is imperative to convert a bare quantum emitter into a single-photon source that approaches the necessary levels of purity, indistinguishability, and brightness for quantum photonics. We present an inverse design methodology that simultaneously targets two important figuresof-merit for high-performance quantum light sources: the Purcell radiative rate enhancement and the coupling efficiency into a desired light collection channel. We explicitly address geometry-dependent power emission, a critical but often overlooked aspect of gradient-based optimization of quantum emitter single-photon sources. We illustrate the efficacy of our method through the design of a single-photon source based on a quantum emitter in a GaAs nanophotonic structure that provides a Purcell factor F p = 21 with a 94 % waveguide coupling efficiency, while respecting a geometric constraint to minimize emitter decoherence by etched sidewalls.Our results indicate that multi-objective inverse design can yield competitive performance with more favorable trade-offs than conventional approaches based on pre-established waveguide or cavity geometries.

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“…Over the past two decades, there have been increasing interest in topology optimization (TO) combined with adjoint and gradient descent methods for freeform electromagnetic structures design in various scenarios, including photonic crystals, [191][192][193] microcavity, [194,195] multilayer thin films, [196][197][198] waveguides, [191,191,[199][200][201][202] metalens design, [123,189,[203][204][205][206][207][208][209] and other applications. [210][211][212][213][214] This approach allows the topology of the electromagnetic structures to change in a free-form way, opening up large design space, while converging comparatively quickly to an optimal solution. The audiences may refer to recent reviews for more details.…”

Section: Topology Optimization and Adjoint Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Architectures: Structures, Properties, Functions and Their Intrinsic Relationships in Subwavelength Optics and Electromagnetics

Luo

Guo

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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In recent years, with the development of photonic crystals, metamaterials, metasurfaces, and other related disciplines, the relationship between the structures and functionalities of artificial optical/electromagnetic materials and devices has become a research hotspot. This article reviews the optical/electromagnetic properties and performance of typical artificial micro/nanostructures. Based on the analogy of mechanics and optics/electromagnetism, the concept of "Electromagnetic Architectures" is proposed. In particular, we reviewed several typical methods for the study of optical/electromagnetic structural-functional relationships, including semi-classical analytical models, heuristic optimization methods, deep neural networks, topological optimization methods, etc. The viewpoint of this paper may push further researches on the structural-functional relationship of artificially structured materials and devices, and find broad application prospects in imaging, communication, photonic chips, among many others.

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Adjoint-optimized nanoscale light extractor for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Efficient Topology-Optimized Couplers for On-Chip Single-Photon Sources

Efficient Topology-Optimized Couplers for On-Chip Single-Photon Sources

Multi-objective Inverse Design of Solid-state Quantum Emitter Single-photon Sources

Electromagnetic Architectures: Structures, Properties, Functions and Their Intrinsic Relationships in Subwavelength Optics and Electromagnetics

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