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AimsTo perform a systematic review of studies that sought to identify diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which could be used in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where there is a lack of diagnostic equipment, treatments and training.Materials and MethodsPapers were sourced from six databases: the British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 were systematically reviewed by three reviewers and appropriate search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied.ResultsA total of 18 studies were yielded, as well as 234 diagnostic biomarkers (74 for CVD and 160 for DM). Primary biomarkers for the diagnosis of CVDs included growth differentiation factor 15 and neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (Notch1). For the diagnosis of DM, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, C‐peptides, isoleucine, glucose, tyrosine, linoleic acid and valine were frequently reported across the included studies. Advanced analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and vibrational spectroscopy, were also repeatedly reported in the included studies and were utilized in combination with traditional and alternative matrices such as fingernails, hair and saliva.ConclusionsWhile advanced analytical techniques are expensive, laboratories in LMICs should carry out a cost–benefit analysis of their use. Alternatively, laboratories may want to explore emerging techniques such as infrared, Fourier transform‐infrared and near‐infrared spectroscopy, which allow sensitive noninvasive analysis.
AimsTo perform a systematic review of studies that sought to identify diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes mellitus (DM), which could be used in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) where there is a lack of diagnostic equipment, treatments and training.Materials and MethodsPapers were sourced from six databases: the British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage, Science Direct and Scopus. Articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 were systematically reviewed by three reviewers and appropriate search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied.ResultsA total of 18 studies were yielded, as well as 234 diagnostic biomarkers (74 for CVD and 160 for DM). Primary biomarkers for the diagnosis of CVDs included growth differentiation factor 15 and neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 1 (Notch1). For the diagnosis of DM, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, C‐peptides, isoleucine, glucose, tyrosine, linoleic acid and valine were frequently reported across the included studies. Advanced analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and vibrational spectroscopy, were also repeatedly reported in the included studies and were utilized in combination with traditional and alternative matrices such as fingernails, hair and saliva.ConclusionsWhile advanced analytical techniques are expensive, laboratories in LMICs should carry out a cost–benefit analysis of their use. Alternatively, laboratories may want to explore emerging techniques such as infrared, Fourier transform‐infrared and near‐infrared spectroscopy, which allow sensitive noninvasive analysis.
Objective: to investigate pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and blood adipokines in young people with arterial hypertension (AH) on the background of abdominal obesity (AO). Materials and methods. 510 people were included in the study, of which 257 people with hypertension, of which 164 were with AO. In the control group (without AH) there were 253 people of comparable gender and age, with AO – 101 people. The content of adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17a, IL-17e, IL-17f was determined in all blood by multiplex analysis. Statistical processing was carried out in the SPSS 13.0 program. Results. When comparing the studied parameters in the studied groups, statistically significant differences were obtained for lipocalin-2, resistin, adipsin, IL-6 and IL-17a, all these indicators were higher in the group with hypertension. There was no difference between the control and the group with hypertension in other biomarkers. There was no effect of AO on the level of the studied markers in the control group. For the main group, the difference between the subgroups with and without AO was obtained for lipocalin. Also, the systolic pressure level was significantly higher in the group with AO. Correlation analysis revealed a weak association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with TNF-α, IL-6, adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin and waist circumference. the association of body mass index with lipocalin-2, IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), a strong association of adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin with TNF-α and IL-17a (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Of the markers we studied, elevated levels of adipsin, lipocalin-2, resistin, IL-6 and IL-17a can serve as potential biomarkers indicating a high probability of developing early hypertension in people under 45 years of age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels also increase with an increase in waist circumference.
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