Adiposity rebound in children: a simple indicator for predicting obesity

Rolland-Cachera, M. F.; Deheeger, M.; Bellisle, F.; Sempé, M.; Guilloud-Bataille, M; Patois, E

doi:10.1093/ajcn/39.1.129

Cited by 756 publications

(593 citation statements)

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“…Using this method, mean age at AR in the French reference population was 6.271.6 years. 4,8 This is similar to the generally reported mean values, varying between 5 and 7 years according to the population studied and the method used. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Prediction of adult fatness AR and adult fatness On average, AR takes place by the age of 6 years, but in individual cases, as shown in Figure 1, it may occur earlier or later.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…17 We also investigated the association between AR and bone age: an early AR was associated with advanced skeletal maturity. 4 This association, also reported by Williams et al, 13 is consistent with the association between rapid growth and later high BMI [23][24][25][26] and, as a rule, with the accelerated growth of all body tissues observed in obese children. 27 Accelerated growth is often reported in low birth weight infants.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The point of minimal BMI value (the nadir of the BMI curve) is the start of the AR. 4,8 Different methods are used to assess age at AR. It was first assessed by visual inspection.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first assessed by visual inspection. 4,8 This involves identifying an upward trend in the BMI after the nadir. In some cases, the descending phase of BMI is followed by a plateau.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age at adiposity rebound (AR), recorded on individual BMI growth curves, has been identified as an indicator predicting adult fatness. 4 This indicator may help identify the critical periods of adiposity development and the determinants of future obesity and health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, with a rapidly increasing frequency worldwide. Identification of critical periods for the development of childhood and adolescent obesity could be very useful for targeting prevention measures. Weight status in early childhood is a poor predictor of adult adiposity status, and most obese adults were not obese as children. We first proposed to use the body mass index (BMI) charts to monitor individual BMI development. The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in BMI curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of health risks. An early AR is associated with an increased risk of overweight. It is inversely associated with bone age, and reflects accelerated growth. The early AR recorded in most obese subjects and the striking difference in the mean age at AR between obese subjects (3 years) and non-obese subjects (6 years) suggest that factors have operated very early in life. The typical pattern associated with an early AR is a low BMI followed by increased BMI level after the rebound. This pattern is recorded in children of recent generations as compared to those of previous generations. This is owing to the trend of a steeper increase of height as compared to weight in the first years of life. This typical BMI pattern (low, followed by high body fatness level) is associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. Low body fatness before the AR suggests that an energy deficit had occurred at an early stage of growth. It can be attributable to the high-protein, low-fat diet fed to infants at a time of high energy needs, the former triggering height velocity and the latter decreasing the energy density of the diet and then reducing energy intake. The high-fat, low-protein content of human milk may contribute to its beneficial effects on growth processes. Early (pre-and postnatal) life is a critical period during which environmental factors may programme adaptive mechanisms that will persist in adulthood. Under-nutrition in fetal life or during the first years after birth may programme a thrifty metabolism that will exert adverse effects later in life, especially if the growing child is exposed to overnutrition. These observations stress the importance of an adequate nutritional status in childhood and the necessity to provide nutritional intakes adapted to nutritional needs at various stages of growth. Because the AR reflects particular BMI patterns, it is a useful tool for the paediatrician to monitor the child's adiposity development and for researchers to investigate the different developmental patterns leading to overweight. It contributes to the understanding of chronic disease programming and suggests ne...

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Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The point of minimal BMI value (the nadir of the BMI curve) is the start of the AR. 4,8 Different methods are used to assess age at AR. It was first assessed by visual inspection.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was first assessed by visual inspection. 4,8 This involves identifying an upward trend in the BMI after the nadir. In some cases, the descending phase of BMI is followed by a plateau.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Development of Feeding Practices During the First 5 Years of Life

Hammer¹,

Bryson²,

Agras³

1999

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To understand the transition from breastand bottle-feeding to solid-feeding and factors that might affect the duration of breast-and bottle-feeding. Design: Cohort followed up from birth with relatively well-educated, middle-class parents. Setting: Community sample recruited from 3 suburban newborn nurseries (a teaching hospital, community hospital, and large health maintenance organization). Participants: One hundred ninety-one healthy fullterm infants. Measures: Assessment of feeding practices through the ages of complete weaning from breast-and bottle-feeding. Results: More than 90% of participants breast-fed for at least 2 weeks. Infants of older mothers were weaned from the breast later than infants of younger mothers. First-born infants were weaned from the breast earlier than later-born infants. Eighty-four percent of infants bottle-fed at some time during the first year of life. More than 40% of the cohort was still receiving bottles at 24 months of age, 16% at 36 months, and 8% at 48 months. The duration of breast-and bottle-feeding was related to maternal work status; mothers who returned to work during the first 3 months postpartum weaned sooner from the breast and later from the bottle than women who returned to work after 3 months postpartum. Conclusions: The frequency of late bottle-weaning in this well-educated, middle-class cohort was unexpected and was related to the timing of the mother's return to work. The impact of prolonged bottle-feeding on later growth and adiposity deserves further investigation.

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