Adiposity indices in children

Rolland-Cachera, M. F.; Sempé, M.; Guilloud-Bataille, M; Patois, E; Péquignot-Guggenbuhl, F; Fautrad, V

doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.1.178

Cited by 486 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As it is highly correlated with weight and body fat, and weakly related to stature, the weight/(height) 2 , Quételet or body mass index (BMI) has been selected to predict adiposity in children. 6 In the early 1980s, the first BMI distribution reference charts, 6 revised 10 years later, 7 were constructed for all ages throughout childhood ( Figure 1) and adulthood. 7 This method is now used worldwide.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][16][17][18] Using the French sample 6,19 of the International Growth Study, 20 we established that age at AR was significantly associated with BMI level at later ages: 4 the earlier the AR, the higher the BMI or the subscapular skin fold at age 21 years. 8 Regression analysis performed on this sample indicated that each year decrease in age at AR was associated with a 0.84 kg/m 2 (0.82 in boys and 0.85 in girls) increase in the predicted BMI level at age 21 years (Po0.001) (unpublished data).…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Whether an early AR reflects increased fat or lean body mass was questioned. 21 A study following children between 5 and 9 years found that differences in BMI during the AR period were caused specifically by alteration in body fat 6 Four example of BMI development plotted against the reference charts case no. 1, fat child at 1 year, remained fat after an early adiposity rebound (2 years); case no.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, with a rapidly increasing frequency worldwide. Identification of critical periods for the development of childhood and adolescent obesity could be very useful for targeting prevention measures. Weight status in early childhood is a poor predictor of adult adiposity status, and most obese adults were not obese as children. We first proposed to use the body mass index (BMI) charts to monitor individual BMI development. The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in BMI curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of health risks. An early AR is associated with an increased risk of overweight. It is inversely associated with bone age, and reflects accelerated growth. The early AR recorded in most obese subjects and the striking difference in the mean age at AR between obese subjects (3 years) and non-obese subjects (6 years) suggest that factors have operated very early in life. The typical pattern associated with an early AR is a low BMI followed by increased BMI level after the rebound. This pattern is recorded in children of recent generations as compared to those of previous generations. This is owing to the trend of a steeper increase of height as compared to weight in the first years of life. This typical BMI pattern (low, followed by high body fatness level) is associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. Low body fatness before the AR suggests that an energy deficit had occurred at an early stage of growth. It can be attributable to the high-protein, low-fat diet fed to infants at a time of high energy needs, the former triggering height velocity and the latter decreasing the energy density of the diet and then reducing energy intake. The high-fat, low-protein content of human milk may contribute to its beneficial effects on growth processes. Early (pre-and postnatal) life is a critical period during which environmental factors may programme adaptive mechanisms that will persist in adulthood. Under-nutrition in fetal life or during the first years after birth may programme a thrifty metabolism that will exert adverse effects later in life, especially if the growing child is exposed to overnutrition. These observations stress the importance of an adequate nutritional status in childhood and the necessity to provide nutritional intakes adapted to nutritional needs at various stages of growth. Because the AR reflects particular BMI patterns, it is a useful tool for the paediatrician to monitor the child's adiposity development and for researchers to investigate the different developmental patterns leading to overweight. It contributes to the understanding of chronic disease programming and suggests ne...

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Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of the Age At Adiposity Reboundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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“…Indirect measures of adiposity, such as skinfold thickness and weight for height indices, are often used as proxy measures of adiposity or as criteria for defining obesity. One such indicator, Quetelet's Index (Wt/ Ht 2 ) (Quetelet, 1871), also known as Body Mass Index (BMI), has been shown to be more valid than Wt/Ht or Wt/ Ht 3 in children (Rolland-Cachera et al, 1982), and has been adopted in adults (Garrow and Webster, 1985). Obesity is defined as an excess of fat, and the obese child runs an increase risk of becoming an obese adult (Dietz, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

1997

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Objective: To compile curves for Body Mass Index (BMI) for Italian children and adolescents. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: All primary and secondary schools of Verona, Italy between October 1986 and January 1987. Subjects: 20 796 males and 21 073 females children, aged 3-19 y. Methods: Weight and height were measured using Salus balances, and age in days was calculated between the date of measurement and that of birth: centiles of BMI by age were calculated by the LMS method of Cole (1990). Results: The centiles obtained were similar to those obtained in UK by Cole et al, 1995. Compared to Cachera's data for France and Hammer's for USA, our BMI values are higher, though closer to the American than the French ones.

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“…The age-and sex-specific 50th percentile of BMI is derived from nomograms. 31 By this method, the BMI can be expressed independently from age and sex and, therefore, physiological developmental stage. The average RBMI was 165.6±24.7% before treatment.…”

Section: Study Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease of Lp(a) during weight reduction in obese children is modified by the apo(a) kringle-IV copy number variation

et al. 2009

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Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its concentration is mainly determined by the kringle-IV repeat copy number variation (CNV) at the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] locus. Objective: We aimed to investigate the immediate effect of weight reduction on plasma Lp(a) levels and its dependency on the apo(a) CNV in obese children. Design: We performed a prospective longitudinal intervention study of a low-fat hypocaloric diet conducted in a 3-week dietary camp for obese children. In all, 140 obese participants (54 boys and 86 girls) with a mean age of 12.5 ± 1.6 years and a mean relative body mass index (BMI) before treatment of 165.6±24.7% were included. Body weight and plasma levels of Lp(a), lipids, apolipoproteins A-I and B, insulin, and C-reactive protein were determined before the onset and after the end of the intervention. In addition, the number of apo(a) kringle-IV repeats were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The mean loss of body weight was 5.0 ± 1.3 kg (À6.6%), resulting in a mean decrease of the relative BMI of 6.6%. Blood chemistry revealed significant changes in all parameters, especially in Lp(a), with a decrease from 24.4 ± 30.6 to 17.9 ± 22.6 mg per 100 ml or À19% (Po0.001). The decrease of Lp(a) levels was higher in the group with low compared with high molecular weight apo(a) phenotypes (À23.9 vs À16.6%). Conclusions: Weight reduction in obese children is associated with significant changes in Lp(a) levels, especially in subjects with high pre-treatment Lp(a) concentrations. This effect is markedly influenced by the molecular phenotype at the copy-number variable apo(a) locus.

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Adiposity indices in children

Cited by 486 publications

References 9 publications

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

Decrease of Lp(a) during weight reduction in obese children is modified by the apo(a) kringle-IV copy number variation

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