Adiposity, cardiac size and precursors of coronary atherosclerosis in 5 to 15-year-old children: a retrospective study of 210 violent deaths

Kortelainen, Marja-Leena

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800463

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Oral micro-organisms are known to enter the blood stream during transient bacteremia, episodes of which have been shown to be of longer duration than hitherto believed 25 . Consequently, even an association with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis cannot be ruled out because the onset of disease may indeed be in childhood 9,10,20 . Chronic infections are involved in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by releasing proinflammatory mediators that may ultimately cause endothelial damage and initiate cholesterol plaque attachment 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal pathogens in erupting third molars of periodontally healthy subjects

Rajasuo

Sihvonen

Peltola

et al. 2007

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal pathogens in erupting third molars of periodontally healthy subjects

Rajasuo

Sihvonen

Peltola

et al. 2007

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…It is highly likely that obesity and insulin resistance have adverse subclinical cardiovascular consequences already in childhood. According to autopsy studies, BMI relates to the existence of fibrous plaques and fatty streaks in coronary arteries and aorta already in young children (30,31). A noninvasive ultrasound study of 10-year-old children revealed that obese girls have increased stiffness of abdominal aorta (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low–Saturated Fat Dietary Counseling Starting in Infancy Improves Insulin Sensitivity in 9-Year-Old Healthy Children

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE -Insulin resistance is promoted already in childhood by obesity and possibly by high-saturated fat intake. We examined the effect of infancy onset biannually given dietary counseling on markers of insulin resistance in healthy 9-year-old children.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Healthy 7-month-old infants (n ϭ 1,062) were randomized to the intervention (n ϭ 540) and control (n ϭ 522) groups. Each year, two individualized counseling sessions were organized to each intervention family. The purpose of counseling was to minimize children's exposure to known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, serum lipids, blood pressure, and weight for height were determined in a random subgroup of 78 intervention children and 89 control children at the age of 9 years.RESULTS -Intervention children consumed less total and saturated fat than the control children (P ϭ 0.002 and Ͻ 0.0001, respectively). The HOMA-IR index was lower in intervention children than in control children (P ϭ 0.020). There was a significant association between saturated fat intake and HOMA-IR. In multivariate analyses including saturated fat intake, study group, and other determinants of HOMA-IR (serum triglyceride concentration, weight for height, and systolic blood pressure), study group was, whereas saturated fat intake was not, significantly associated with HOMA-IR. This suggests that the beneficial effect of intervention on insulin sensitivity was largely, but not fully, explained by the decrease in saturated fat intake.CONCLUSIONS -The long-term biannual dietary intervention decreases the intake of total and saturated fat and has a positive effect on insulin resistance index in 9-year-old children. Diabetes Care 29:781-785, 2006I nsulin resistance, defined as an inadequate metabolic response to plasma insulin at normal concentrations (1,2), is promoted by obesity and high intake of saturated fat (3-5), and up to 30% of overweight or obese individuals develop insulin resistance (6). Although the prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome, i.e., a cluster of metabolic abnormalities associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, increases with age, it exists already in childhood (7,8). In adults, the insulin resistance syndrome is associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (1). Preventing obesity and sedentary lifestyle and supporting a healthy lifestyle are important preventive measures, particularly if started in childhood.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of individualized repeatedly given dietary counseling aimed at a low-saturated fat low-cholesterol diet from the age of 7 years on serum insulin values and some other markers of the insulin resistance syndrome in 9-year-old healthy children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study design of the ongoing prospective randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) study, which began in 1990, has been published in detail (9,10). Briefly, 1,054 volu...

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“…Kortelainen evaluated the autopsies of 210 children aged 5 to 15 years who had suffered a violent death. 56 Ponderal index was a significant predictor of heart weight and the presence of coronary artery intimal fatty streaks. Similarly, Berenson et al 57 demonstrated in the Bogalusa Heart Study that children and young adults who died primarily of trauma showed an association between BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the presence of fatty streaks and fibrous plaques in the aorta and coronary arteries at autopsy.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Hypertension in Children

Sorof

Daniels²

2002

Hypertension

810

157

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Abstract-Obesity has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. In national surveys from the 1960s to the 1990s, the prevalence of overweight in children grew from 5% to 11%. Outcomes related to childhood obesity include hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnea, orthopedic problems, and psychosocial problems. Once considered rare, primary hypertension in children has become increasingly common in association with obesity and other risk factors, including a family history of hypertension and an ethnic predisposition to hypertensive disease. Obese children are at approximately a 3-fold higher risk for hypertension than nonobese children. In addition, the risk of hypertension in children increases across the entire range of body mass index (BMI) values and is not defined by a simple threshold effect. As in adults, a combination of factors including overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), insulin resistance, and abnormalities in vascular structure and function may contribute to obesity-related hypertension in children. The benefits of weight loss for blood pressure reduction in children have been demonstrated in both observational and interventional studies. Obesity in childhood should be considered a chronic medical condition that is likely to require long-term management. Ultimately, prevention of obesity and its complications, including hypertension, is the goal. Key Words: hypertension, obesity Ⅲ children Ⅲ epidemiology Ⅲ cardiovascular diseases Ⅲ risk factors O besity has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. Many of the outcomes associated with obesity that were previously thought of as diseases of adults are now affecting children as well. Outcomes related to childhood obesity include hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnea, and orthopedic problems (such as slipped capital-femoral epiphysis), as well as social and psychological problems. 1 Obesity is also the most common nutritional problem among children in developed countries. This epidemic of pediatric obesity has resulted in great concern regarding the management of obesity and its complications. Although prevention would be an optimum strategy, it may be difficult to identify children at risk of obesity before they become overweight. Even with appropriate preventive approaches, it is likely that many children will become overweight and require treatment to prevent the long-term sequelae of obesity, such as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 2 In concert with the increasing prevalence of obesity in children, pediatric hypertension has undergone an epidemiological shift. The conventional wisdom has been that hypertension in children is a relatively rare condition most commonly associated with renal disease. In actuality, secondary hypertension in children resulting from re...

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Adiposity, cardiac size and precursors of coronary atherosclerosis in 5 to 15-year-old children: a retrospective study of 210 violent deaths

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Periodontal pathogens in erupting third molars of periodontally healthy subjects

Periodontal pathogens in erupting third molars of periodontally healthy subjects

Low–Saturated Fat Dietary Counseling Starting in Infancy Improves Insulin Sensitivity in 9-Year-Old Healthy Children

Obesity Hypertension in Children

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